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Graph states form a large family of quantum states that are in one-to-one correspondence with mathematical graphs. Graph states are used in many applications, such as measurement-based quantum computation, as multipartite entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Nathan Claudet

We describe an algorithm with quasi-polynomial runtime $n^{\log_2(n)+O(1)}$ for deciding local unitary (LU) equivalence of graph states. The algorithm builds on a recent graphical characterisation of LU-equivalence via generalised local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Nathan Claudet , Simon Perdrix

Classifying locally equivalent graph states, and stabilizer states more broadly, is a significant problem in the theories of quantum information and multipartite entanglement. A special focus is given to those graph states for which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 Ilan Tzitrin

Graph states are a class of multi-partite entangled quantum states that are ubiquitous in quantum information. We study equivalence relations between graph states under local unitaries (LU) to obtain distinguishing methods both in local and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Lina Vandré , Jarn de Jong , Frederik Hahn , Adam Burchardt , Otfried Gühne , Anna Pappa

Recently, Ji et al disproved the LU-LC conjecture and showed that the local unitary and local Clifford equivalence classes of the stabilizer states are not always the same. Despite the fact this settles the LU-LC conjecture, a sufficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-30 Pradeep Sarvepalli , Robert Raussendorf

Graph states are quantum states that can be described by a stabilizer formalism and play an important role in quantum information processing. We consider the action of local unitary operations on graph states and hypergraph states. We focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-13 Nikoloz Tsimakuridze , Otfried Gühne

We present an algorithm for verifying the local unitary (LU) equivalence of graph and stabilizer states. Our approach reduces the problem to solving a system of linear equations in modular arithmetic. Furthermore, we demonstrate that any LU…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-14 Adam Burchardt , Jarn de Jong , Lina Vandré

Circle graph states are a structurally important family of graph states. The family's entanglement is a priori high enough to allow for universal measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC); however, MBQC on circle graph states is actually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Frederik Hahn , Rose McCarty , Hendrik Poulsen Nautrup , Nathan Claudet

The equivalence of stabilizer states under local transformations is of fundamental interest in understanding properties and uses of entanglement. Two stabilizer states are equivalent under the usual stochastic local operations and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Bei Zeng , Hyeyoun Chung , Andrew W. Cross , Isaac L. Chuang

The LU-LC conjecture is an important open problem concerning the structure of entanglement of states described in the stabilizer formalism. It states that two local unitary equivalent stabilizer states are also local Clifford equivalent. If…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-19 Zhengfeng Ji , Jianxin Chen , Zhaohui Wei , Mingsheng Ying

We report progress on the LU-LC conjecture - an open problem in the context of entanglement in stabilizer states (or graph states). This conjecture states that every two stabilizer states which are related by a local unitary operation, must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-17 D. Gross , M. Van den Nest

Stabilizer states form a ubiquitous family of quantum states that can be graphically represented through the graph state formalism. A fundamental property of graph states is that applying a local complementation - a well-known and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Nathan Claudet , Simon Perdrix

We study the local unitary equivalence for two and three-qubit mixed states by investigating the invariants under local unitary transformations. For two-qubit system, we prove that the determination of the local unitary equivalence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-14 Bao-zhi Sun , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-xi Wang

We study the relation between local unitary (LU) equivalence and local Clifford (LC) equivalence of stabilizer states. We introduce a large subclass of stabilizer states, such that every two LU equivalent states in this class are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Van den Nest , J. Dehaene , B. De Moor

In [Phys. Rev. A 69, 022316 (2004)] we presented a description of the action of local Clifford operations on graph states in terms of a graph transformation rule, known in graph theory as \emph{local complementation}. It was shown that two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Maarten Van den Nest , Jeroen Dehaene , Bart De Moor

Graph states are well-entangled quantum states that are defined based on a graph. Of course, if two graphs are isomorphic their associated states are the same. Also, we know local operations do not change the entanglement of quantum states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Mohsen Bahramgiri , Salman Beigi

Let v(G) and dom(G) denote the number of vertices and the domination number of a graph G, and let r (G) = dom(G)/v(G)$. Let [x] and ]x[ be the floor and the ceiling of a number x. In 1996 B. Reed conjectured that if G is a cubic graph, then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexander Kelmans

In this paper we present a modified version of the proof given Jing-Yang-Zhao's paper titled "Local Unitary Equivalence of Quantum States and Simultaneous Orthogonal Equivalence," which established the correspondance between local unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Isaac Dobes , Naihuan Jing

Graph states are a powerful class of entangled states with numerous applications in quantum communication and quantum computation. Local Clifford (LC) operations that map one graph state to another can alter the structure of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Hemant Sharma , Kenneth Goodenough , Johannes Borregaard , Filip Rozpędek , Jonas Helsen

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the LU-equivalence of two general (pure or mixed) $n$-qubit states as well as we determine the local unitary operators connecting them. Almost all relevant information is contained in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-15 A. M. Martins
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