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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have become widely used for enhancing large language model capabilities, but they introduce significant security vulnerabilities through prompt injection attacks. We present a comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable generation capability. However, their training generally requires huge computational resources and large-scale datasets. To solve these, recent studies empower DMs with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hao Fang , Xiaohang Sui , Hongyao Yu , Kuofeng Gao , Jiawei Kong , Sijin Yu , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taehee Jeong , Xingzhe Zhao , Peizu Li , Markus Valvur , Weihua Zhao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the reliability of large language models (LLMs) by addressing issues like hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and domain adaptation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Junxi Yan , Changyue Wang , Hongning Wang , Ziyi Ye , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a standard approach for improving the reliability of large language models (LLMs). Prior work demonstrates the vulnerability of RAG systems by misleading them into generating attacker-chosen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yanbo Dai , Zhenlan Ji , Zongjie Li , Kuan Li , Shuai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase impressive capabilities but encounter challenges like hallucination, outdated knowledge, and non-transparent, untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yunfan Gao , Yun Xiong , Xinyu Gao , Kangxiang Jia , Jinliu Pan , Yuxi Bi , Yi Dai , Jiawei Sun , Meng Wang , Haofen Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are widely deployed in real-world applications in diverse domains such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity. However, many studies showed that they are vulnerable to knowledge corruption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Runpeng Geng , Yanting Wang , Ying Chen , Jinyuan Jia

Security applications are increasingly relying on large language models (LLMs) for cyber threat detection; however, their opaque reasoning often limits trust, particularly in decisions that require domain-specific cybersecurity knowledge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Arnabh Borah , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

The robustness of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly crucial as their applicability expands across various domains and real-world applications. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Jeongyeon Seo , Taeho Hwang , Jong C. Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software development to generate functions, such as attack detectors, that implement security requirements. A key challenge is ensuring the LLMs have enough knowledge to address specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Samuele Pasini , Jinhan Kim , Tommaso Aiello , Rocio Cabrera Lozoya , Antonino Sabetta , Paolo Tonella

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a prominent method for incorporating domain knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). While RAG enhances response relevance by incorporating retrieved domain knowledge in the context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kushagra Bhushan , Yatin Nandwani , Dinesh Khandelwal , Sonam Gupta , Gaurav Pandey , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves the response quality of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving knowledge from external databases. Typical RAG approaches split the text database into chunks, organizing them in a flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Boyu Chen , Zirui Guo , Zidan Yang , Yuluo Chen , Junze Chen , Zhenghao Liu , Chuan Shi , Cheng Yang

Causality detection and mining are important tasks in information retrieval due to their enormous use in information extraction, and knowledge graph construction. To solve these tasks, in existing literature there exist several solutions --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Thushara Manjari Naduvilakandy , Hyeju Jang , Mohammad Al Hasan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which integrates external knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), has proven effective in enabling LLMs to produce more accurate and reliable responses. However, it remains a significant challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yan Weng , Fengbin Zhu , Tong Ye , Haoyan Liu , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful technique to facilitate language model with proprietary and private data, where data privacy is a pivotal concern. Whereas extensive research has demonstrated the privacy risks of large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-03 Shenglai Zeng , Jiankun Zhang , Pengfei He , Yue Xing , Yiding Liu , Han Xu , Jie Ren , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Yi Chang , Jiliang Tang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to augment large language models with external knowledge retrieval to improve reliability and generalization. However, recent studies have shown that RAG systems remain vulnerable to data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xingyu Lyu , Jianfeng He , Ning Wang , Yidan Hu , Tao Li , Danjue Chen , Shixiong Li , Yimin Chen

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique commonly used to equip models with out of distribution knowledge. This process involves collecting, indexing, retrieving, and providing information to an LLM for generating responses.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Gianluca De Stefano , Lea Schönherr , Giancarlo Pellegrino