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Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently made significant advance in multi-task, end-to-end robotic control, due to the strong generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). A fundamental challenge in developing such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yuqing Wen , Kefan Gu , Haoxuan Liu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Haoqiang Fan , Xiaoyan Sun

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to predict robotic actions based on visual observations and language instructions. Existing approaches require fine-tuning pre-trained visionlanguage models (VLMs) as visual and language features are…

Robotic manipulation, a key frontier in robotics and embodied AI, requires precise motor control and multimodal understanding, yet traditional rule-based methods fail to scale or generalize in unstructured, novel environments. In recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rui Shao , Wei Li , Lingsen Zhang , Renshan Zhang , Zhiyang Liu , Ran Chen , Liqiang Nie

Active perception enables robots to dynamically gather information by adjusting their viewpoints, a crucial capability for interacting with complex, partially observable environments. In this paper, we present AP-VLM, a novel framework that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Venkatesh Sripada , Samuel Carter , Frank Guerin , Amir Ghalamzan

Robotic real-world reinforcement learning (RL) with vision-language-action (VLA) models is bottlenecked by sparse, handcrafted rewards and inefficient exploration. We introduce VLAC, a general process reward model built upon InternVL and…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable progress in embodied tasks recently, but most methods process visual observations independently at each timestep. This history-agnostic design treats robot manipulation as a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lei Xiao , Jifeng Li , Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Yan Jin , Jingjing Qian , Jing Zhang , Yong Wu , Xiaoyuan Yu

In this paper, we introduce a novel kinematics-rich vision-language-action (VLA) task, in which language commands densely encode diverse kinematic attributes (such as direction, trajectory, orientation, and relative displacement) from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Gaoge Han , Zhengqing Gao , Ziwen Li , Jiaxin Huang , Shaoli Huang , Fakhri Karray , Mingming Gong , Tongliang Liu

In the domain of humanoid robot control, the fusion of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) with whole-body control is essential for semantically guided execution of real-world tasks. However, existing methods encounter challenges in terms of low…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Weikai Qin , Sichen Wu , Ci Chen , Mengfan Liu , Linxi Feng , Xinru Cui , Haoqi Han , Hesheng Wang

Bridging the gap between natural language commands and autonomous execution in unstructured environments remains an open challenge for robotics. This requires robots to perceive and reason over the current task scene through multiple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jin Wang , Kim Tien Ly , Jacques Cloete , Nikos Tsagarakis , Ioannis Havoutis

Vision-language-action (VLA) models hold promise as generalist robotics solutions by translating visual and linguistic inputs into robot actions, yet they lack reliability due to their black-box nature and sensitivity to environmental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hong Lu , Hengxu Li , Prithviraj Singh Shahani , Stephanie Herbers , Matthias Scheutz

Traditional robotic systems typically decompose intelligence into independent modules for computer vision, natural language processing, and motion control. Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models fundamentally transform this approach by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Heran Wu , Zirun Zhou , Jingfeng Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown strong decision-making capabilities in autonomous driving. However, existing VLAs often struggle with achieving efficient inference and generalizing to novel autonomous vehicle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Dapeng Zhang , Zhenlong Yuan , Zhangquan Chen , Chih-Ting Liao , Yinda Chen , Fei Shen , Qingguo Zhou , Tat-Seng Chua

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models extend vision-language models to embodied control by mapping natural-language instructions and visual observations to robot actions. Despite their capabilities, VLA systems face significant challenges due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weifan Guan , Qinghao Hu , Aosheng Li , Jian Cheng

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically bridge the gap between perceptual and action spaces by pre-training a large-scale Vision-Language Model (VLM) on robotic data. While this approach greatly enhances performance, it also incurs…

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown potential in leveraging pretrained vision-language models and diverse robot demonstrations for learning generalizable sensorimotor control. While this paradigm effectively utilizes large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Qingqing Zhao , Yao Lu , Moo Jin Kim , Zipeng Fu , Zhuoyang Zhang , Yecheng Wu , Zhaoshuo Li , Qianli Ma , Song Han , Chelsea Finn , Ankur Handa , Ming-Yu Liu , Donglai Xiang , Gordon Wetzstein , Tsung-Yi Lin

Vision-language-action (VLA) models show potential for general robotic tasks, but remain challenging in spatiotemporally coherent manipulation, which requires fine-grained representations. Typically, existing methods embed 3D positions into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Hanyu Zhou , Chuanhao Ma , Gim Hee Lee

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising approach for enabling robots to follow language instructions and predict corresponding actions. However, current VLA models mainly rely on 2D visual inputs, neglecting the rich…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lin Sun , Bin Xie , Yingfei Liu , Hao Shi , Tiancai Wang , Jiale Cao

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry is accelerating the shift from traditional automation to intelligent systems with perception and cognition. Vision language-action (VLA) models have been a key paradigm in AI to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shuai Li , Chen Yizhe , Li Dong , Liu Sichao , Lan Dapeng , Liu Yu , Zhibo Pang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as the next generation of models in robotics. However, despite leveraging powerful pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), existing end-to-end VLA systems often lose key capabilities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhongyi Zhou , Yichen Zhu , Junjie Wen , Chaomin Shen , Yi Xu