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Pretraining Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies on internet-scale video is appealing, yet current latent-action objectives often learn the wrong thing: they remain anchored to pixel variation rather than action-relevant state transitions,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jingwen Sun , Wenyao Zhang , Zekun Qi , Shaojie Ren , Zezhi Liu , Hanxin Zhu , Guangzhong Sun , Xin Jin , Zhibo Chen

Vision-language-action (VLA) models remain constrained by the scarcity of action-labeled robot data, whereas action-free videos provide abundant evidence of how the physical world changes. Latent action models offer a promising way to…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as generalist robotic controllers capable of mapping visual observations and natural language instructions to continuous action sequences. However, VLAs provide no calibrated measure of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingling Chen , Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

AI agents are promising for high-stakes enterprise workflows, but dependable deployment remains limited because tool-use failures are difficult to diagnose and control. Agents may skip required tool calls, invoke tools unnecessarily, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hariom Tatsat , Ariye Shater

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance in robotic manipulation, yet their closed-loop deployment is hindered by the high latency and compute cost of repeatedly running large vision-language backbones at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenda Yu , Tianshi Wang , Fengling Li , Jingjing Li , Lei Zhu

While recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have begun to incorporate audio, they typically treat sound as static pre-execution prompts or focus exclusively on human speech. This leaves a significant gap in real-time, sound-centric…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chang Nie , Tianchen Deng , Guangming Wang , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are emerging as a unified substrate for embodied intelligence. This shift raises a new class of safety challenges, stemming from the embodied nature of VLA systems, including irreversible physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Qi Li , Bo Yin , Weiqi Huang , Ruhao Liu , Bojun Zou , Runpeng Yu , Jingwen Ye , Weihao Yu , Xinchao Wang

Research on Vision Language Action (VLA) models has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Although some of them focus on detecting, preventing, and recovering from task failures, they usually don't deal with adapting to robot's physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hüseyin Arslan , Özgür Erkent

In targeted adversarial attacks on vision models, the selection of the target label is a critical yet often overlooked determinant of attack success. This target label corresponds to the class that the attacker aims to force the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Katarzyna Filus , Jorge M. Cruz-Duarte

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a compelling framework for tackling complex robotic manipulation tasks, but they are often expensive to train. In this paper, we propose a novel VLA approach that leverages the competitive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Max Argus , Jelena Bratulic , Houman Masnavi , Maxim Velikanov , Nick Heppert , Abhinav Valada , Thomas Brox

Despite significant improvements in natural language understanding models with the advent of models like BERT and XLNet, these neural-network based classifiers are vulnerable to blackbox adversarial attacks, where the attacker is only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Jatin Chauhan , Karan Bhukar , Manohar Kaul

Deep recognition models are widely vulnerable to adversarial examples, which change the model output by adding quasi-imperceptible perturbation to the image input. Recently, Segment Anything Model (SAM) has emerged to become a popular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Sheng Zheng , Chaoning Zhang , Xinhong Hao

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance, but are also vulnerable to backdoor attacks whereby the adversary can manipulate the model's outputs through hidden triggers. Prior attacks primarily rely on single-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Zhong , Zhen Sun , Yepang Liu , Xinlei He , Guanhong Tao

Vision-language-action models must enable agents to execute long-horizon tasks under partial observability. However, most existing approaches remain observation-driven, relying on short context windows or repeated queries to vision-language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Vaidehi Bagaria , Bijo Sebastian , Nirav Kumar Patel

Vision-language-action (VLA) models are effective robot action executors, but they remain limited on long-horizon tasks due to the dual burden of extended closed-loop planning and diverse physical operations. We therefore propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zixing Lei , Changxing Liu , Yichen Xiong , Minhao Xiong , Yuanzhuo Ding , Zhipeng Zhang , Weixin Li , Siheng Chen

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have attracted increasing attention for their strong control capabilities. However, their high computational cost and low execution frequency hinder their suitability for real-time tasks such as robotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ye Li , Yuan Meng , Zewen Sun , Kangye Ji , Chen Tang , Jiajun Fan , Xinzhu Ma , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Existing automated attack suites operate as static ensembles with fixed sequences, lacking strategic adaptation and semantic awareness. This paper introduces the Agentic Reasoning for Methods Orchestration and Reparameterization (ARMOR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Gabriel Lee Jun Rong , Christos Korgialas , Dion Jia Xu Ho , Pai Chet Ng , Xiaoxiao Miao , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

We introduce Latent Action Pretraining for general Action models (LAPA), an unsupervised method for pretraining Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models without ground-truth robot action labels. Existing Vision-Language-Action models require…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically evaluated for safety under single-shot or low-budget adversarial prompting, which underestimates real-world risk. In practice, attackers can exploit large-scale parallel sampling to repeatedly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mingqian Feng , Xiaodong Liu , Weiwei Yang , Chenliang Xu , Christopher White , Jianfeng Gao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have advanced robotic manipulation by combining vision, language, and proprioception to predict actions. However, previous methods fuse proprioceptive signals directly with vision-language features,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhuohao Li , Yinghao Li , Jian-Jian Jiang , Lang Zhou , Tianyu Zhang , Jiadong Yin , Mu Lin , Yi-Lin Wei , Wei-Shi Zheng