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We consider linear structural equation models with explicitly modelled latent variables. In such models, observed and latent variables solve linear equations including stochastic noise terms. The goal of our work is to identify the direct…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-28 Tom Hochsprung , Nils Sturma , Jakob Runge , Mathias Drton , Andreas Gerhardus

We consider graphs that represent pairwise marginal independencies amongst a set of variables (for instance, the zero entries of a covariance matrix for normal data). We characterize the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that faithfully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Johannes Textor , Alexander Idelberger , Maciej Liśkiewicz

This paper studies the causal representation learning problem when the latent causal variables are observed indirectly through an unknown linear transformation. The objectives are: (i) recovering the unknown linear transformation (up to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-02 Burak Varici , Emre Acarturk , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Abhishek Kumar , Ali Tajer

Thanks to technological advances leading to near-continuous time observations, emerging multivariate point process data offer new opportunities for causal discovery. However, a key obstacle in achieving this goal is that many relevant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-15 Xu Wang , Ali Shojaie

To uncover the city's fundamental functioning mechanisms, it is important to acquire a deep understanding of complicated relationships among citizens, location, and mobility behaviors. Previous research studies have applied direct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Tao Feng , Yunke Zhang , Xiaochen Fan , Huandong Wang , Yong Li

The goal of causal representation learning is to find a representation of data that consists of causally related latent variables. We consider a setup where one has access to data from multiple domains that potentially share a causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-30 Nils Sturma , Chandler Squires , Mathias Drton , Caroline Uhler

Inducing causal relationships from observations is a classic problem in machine learning. Most work in causality starts from the premise that the causal variables themselves are observed. However, for AI agents such as robots trying to make…

Linear non-Gaussian causal models postulate that each random variable is a linear function of parent variables and non-Gaussian exogenous error terms. We study identification of the linear coefficients when such models contain latent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Daniele Tramontano , Mathias Drton , Jalal Etesami

We consider the problem of estimating the differences between two causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with a shared topological order given i.i.d. samples from each model. This is of interest for example in genomics, where changes in…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-08 Yuhao Wang , Chandler Squires , Anastasiya Belyaeva , Caroline Uhler

Learning causal relationships between variables is a fundamental task in causal inference and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a popular choice to represent the causal relationships. As one can recover a causal graph only up to its Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Davin Choo , Kirankumar Shiragur

Causal discovery from time-series data aims to capture both intra-slice (contemporaneous) and inter-slice (time-lagged) causality between variables within the temporal chain, which is crucial for various scientific disciplines. Compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Rujia Shen , Boran Wang , Chao Zhao , Yi Guan , Jingchi Jiang

Understanding the factors that trigger or prevent undesirable health outcomes across patient subpopulations is essential for designing targeted interventions. While randomized controlled trials and expert-led patient interviews are standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shishir Adhikari , Guido Muscioni , Mark Shapiro , Plamen Petrov , Elena Zheleva

Causal inference aids researchers in discovering cause-and-effect relationships, leading to scientific insights. Accurate causal estimation requires identifying confounding variables to avoid false discoveries. Pearl's causal model uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Anna Zeng , Michael Cafarella , Batya Kenig , Markos Markakis , Brit Youngmann , Babak Salimi

Causal discovery for dynamical systems poses a major challenge in fields where active interventions are infeasible. Most methods used to investigate these systems and their associated benchmarks are tailored to deterministic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Benjamin Herdeanu , Juan Nathaniel , Carla Roesch , Jatan Buch , Gregor Ramien , Johannes Haux , Pierre Gentine

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are central to uncovering causal structure in complex systems, yet learning a single DAG from data is often challenging: model uncertainty, finite samples, and a combinatorially large search space frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Yunan Wu , Yue Wang , Chunlin Li , Chenglong Ye

Causal discovery between collections of time-series data can help diagnose causes of symptoms and hopefully prevent faults before they occur. However, reliable causal discovery can be very challenging, especially when the data acquisition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Haonan Chen , Bo Yuan Chang , Mohamed A. Naiel , Georges Younes , Steven Wardell , Stan Kleinikkink , John S. Zelek

Learning the unique directed acyclic graph corresponding to an unknown causal model is a challenging task. Methods based on functional causal models can identify a unique graph, but either suffer from the curse of dimensionality or impose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sujai Hiremath , Jacqueline R. M. A. Maasch , Mengxiao Gao , Promit Ghosal , Kyra Gan

Causal discovery aims to automatically uncover causal relationships from data, a capability with significant potential across many scientific disciplines. However, its real-world applications remain limited. Current methods often rely on…

Missing data are ubiquitous in many domains including healthcare. When these data entries are not missing completely at random, the (conditional) independence relations in the observed data may be different from those in the complete data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Ruibo Tu , Kun Zhang , Paul Ackermann , Bo Christer Bertilson , Clark Glymour , Hedvig Kjellström , Cheng Zhang

Causal discovery outputs a causal structure, represented by a graph, from observed data. For time series data, there is a variety of methods, however, it is difficult to evaluate these on real data as realistic use cases very rarely come…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-31 Søren Wengel Mogensen , Karin Rathsman , Per Nilsson
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