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Many successful deep learning architectures are equivariant to certain transformations in order to conserve parameters and improve generalization: most famously, convolution layers are equivariant to shifts of the input. This approach only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Allan Zhou , Tom Knowles , Chelsea Finn

Incorporating known symmetries in data into machine learning models has consistently improved predictive accuracy, robustness, and generalization. However, achieving exact invariance to specific symmetries typically requires designing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cindy Y. Zhang , Elif Ertekin , Peter Orbanz , Ryan P. Adams

Deep learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical tasks where predictions must satisfy hard constraints, such as physical laws, fairness requirements, or safety limits. However, standard architectures lack built-in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Gonzalo E. Constante-Flores , Hao Chen , Can Li

Determining the stability of molecules and condensed phases is the cornerstone of atomistic modelling, underpinning our understanding of chemical and materials properties and transformations. Here we show that a machine learning model,…

Data-driven techniques are increasingly used to replace electronic-structure calculations of matter. In this context, a relevant question is whether machine learning (ML) should be applied directly to predict the desired properties or be…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promise in learning unstructured mesh-based simulations of physical systems, including fluid dynamics. In tandem, geometric deep learning principles have informed the development of equivariant…

In machine learning, there is a long history of trying to build neural networks that can learn from fewer example data by baking in strong geometric priors. However, it is not always clear a priori what geometric constraints are appropriate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Sheng Yang , Julian A. Rubinfien , Cengiz Pehlevan

In machine learning datasets with symmetries, the paradigm for backward compatibility with symmetry-breaking has been to relax equivariant architectural constraints, engineering extra weights to differentiate symmetries of interest.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Haozhe Huang , Leo Kaixuan Cheng , Kaiwen Chen , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Equivariant neural networks have proven to be effective for tasks with known underlying symmetries. However, optimizing equivariant networks can be tricky and best training practices are less established than for standard networks. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 YuQing Xie , Tess Smidt

Distributions of data or sensory stimuli often enjoy underlying invariances. How and to what extent those symmetries are captured by unsupervised learning methods is a relevant question in machine learning and in computational neuroscience.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-06-24 Moshir Harsh , Jérôme Tubiana , Simona Cocco , Remi Monasson

In condensed matter physics, one of the goals of machine learning is the classification of phases of matter. The consideration of a system's symmetries can significantly assist the machine in this goal. We demonstrate the ability of an…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-12-08 Daniel Lozano-Gómez , Darren Pereira , Michel J. P. Gingras

Machine learning and deep learning have revolutionized computational physics, particularly the simulation of complex systems. Equivariance is essential for simulating physical systems because it imposes a strong inductive bias on the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-11-13 Yuki Nagai , Akio Tomiya

Model generalization of the underlying dynamics is critical for achieving data efficiency when learning for robot control. This paper proposes a novel approach for learning dynamics leveraging the symmetry in the underlying robotic system,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Jee-eun Lee , Jaemin Lee , Tirthankar Bandyopadhyay , Luis Sentis

Symmetry is present throughout nature and continues to play an increasingly central role in physics and machine learning. Fundamental symmetries, such as Poincar\'{e} invariance, allow physical laws discovered in laboratories on Earth to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Samuel E. Otto , Nicholas Zolman , J. Nathan Kutz , Steven L. Brunton

Rotational symmetry plays a central role in physics, providing an elegant framework to describe how the properties of 3D objects -- from atoms to the macroscopic scale -- transform under the action of rigid rotations. Equivariant models of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Michelangelo Domina , Filippo Bigi , Paolo Pegolo , Michele Ceriotti

Symmetries built into a neural network have appeared to be very beneficial for a wide range of tasks as it saves the data to learn them. We depart from the position that when symmetries are not built into a model a priori, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Artem Moskalev , Anna Sepliarskaia , Ivan Sosnovik , Arnold Smeulders

Manifold models provide low-dimensional representations that are useful for processing and analyzing data in a transformation-invariant way. In this paper, we study the problem of learning smooth pattern transformation manifolds from image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Elif Vural , Pascal Frossard

We present a novel framework to overcome the limitations of equivariant architectures in learning functions with group symmetries. In contrary to equivariant architectures, we use an arbitrary base model such as an MLP or a transformer and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jinwoo Kim , Tien Dat Nguyen , Ayhan Suleymanzade , Hyeokjun An , Seunghoon Hong

Large language models (LLMs) are pretrained by minimizing the cross-entropy loss for next-token prediction. In this paper, we study whether this optimization strategy can induce geometric structure in the learned model weights and context…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Zhehang Du , Hangfeng He , Weijie Su

Convolutions encode equivariance symmetries into neural networks leading to better generalisation performance. However, symmetries provide fixed hard constraints on the functions a network can represent, need to be specified in advance, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Alexander Immer , Mark van der Wilk