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Related papers: Multi-LLM Query Optimization

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We study the problem of routing queries to large language models (LLMs) under cost, GPU resources, and concurrency constraints. Prior per-query routing methods often fail to control batch-level cost, especially under non-uniform or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jelena Markovic-Voronov , Kayhan Behdin , Yuanda Xu , Zhengze Zhou , Zhipeng Wang , Rahul Mazumder

Large language models (LLMs), trained on vast datasets, encode extensive real-world knowledge within their parameters, yet their black-box nature obscures the mechanisms and extent of this encoding. Surrogate modeling, which uses simplified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Changho Han , Songsoo Kim , Dong Won Kim , Leo Anthony Celi , Jaewoong Kim , SungA Bae , Dukyong Yoon

The term `surrogate modeling' in computational science and engineering refers to the development of computationally efficient approximations for expensive simulations, such as those arising from numerical solution of partial differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-12 Maarten V. de Hoop , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Elizabeth Qian , Andrew M. Stuart

The rising demand for Large Language Model (LLM) inference services has intensified pressure on computational resources, resulting in latency and cost challenges. This paper introduces a novel routing algorithm based on the Non-dominated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Shibo Yu , Mohammad Goudarzi , Adel Nadjaran Toosi

The rapid pace at which new large language models (LLMs) appear, and older ones become obsolete, forces providers to manage a streaming inventory under a strict concurrency cap and per-query cost budgets. We cast this as an online decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shaoang Li , Jian Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive ability in generation and reasoning tasks but struggle with handling up-to-date knowledge, leading to inaccuracies or hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziting Wang , Haitao Yuan , Wei Dong , Gao Cong , Feifei Li

A challenging problem in both engineering and computer science is that of minimising a function for which we have no mathematical formulation available, that is expensive to evaluate, and that contains continuous and integer variables, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Laurens Bliek , Arthur Guijt , Sicco Verwer , Mathijs de Weerdt

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional computation during inference, typically through parallel, sequential, or hybrid scaling. However, prior studies often assume fixed collaboration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Fali Wang , Jihai Chen , Shuhua Yang , Runxue Bao , Tianxiang Zhao , Zhiwei Zhang , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Despite their widespread adoption in various domains, especially due to their powerful reasoning capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) are not the off-the-shelf choice to drive multi-objective optimization yet. Conventional strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Andrej Schwanke , Lyubomir Ivanov , David Salinas , Frank Hutter , Arber Zela

We consider the problem of rank loss minimization in the setting of multilabel classification, which is usually tackled by means of convex surrogate losses defined on pairs of labels. Very recently, this approach was put into question by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Krzysztof Dembczynski , Wojciech Kotlowski , Eyke Huellermeier

Active testing enables label-efficient evaluation of predictive models through careful data acquisition, but it can pose a significant computational cost. We identify cost-saving measures that enable active testing to be scaled up to large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Gabrielle Berrada , Jannik Kossen , Freddie Bickford Smith , Muhammed Razzak , Yarin Gal , Tom Rainforth

Query rewriting, the process of transforming queries into semantically equivalent yet more efficient variants, is crucial for database optimization. Existing solutions predominantly rely on either rule-based heuristics or Large Language…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jiahui Li , Tongwang Wu , Yuren Mao , Rong Kang , Tieying Zhang , Yunjun Gao

Deep learning has proven to be effective in a wide variety of loss minimization problems. However, many applications of interest, like minimizing projected Bellman error and min-max optimization, cannot be modelled as minimizing a scalar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ryan D'Orazio , Danilo Vucetic , Zichu Liu , Junhyung Lyle Kim , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Gauthier Gidel

This work develops an LLM-based optimization framework ensuring strict constraint satisfaction in network optimization. While LLMs possess contextual reasoning capabilities, existing approaches often fail to enforce constraints, causing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Youngjin Song , Wookjin Lee , Hong Ki Kim , Sang Hyun Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art accuracies in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, this success comes at the cost of increased model sizes which leads to additional computational burden.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shrihari Sridharan , Sourjya Roy , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have long held sway in the realms of artificial intelligence research. Numerous efficient techniques, including weight pruning, quantization, and distillation, have been embraced to compress LLMs, targeting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Yifan Gong , Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Yushu Wu , Ming Lin , Chao Wu , Xue Lin , Yanzhi Wang

Recent progress in Language Models (LMs) has dramatically advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), excelling at tasks like text generation, summarization, and question answering. However, their inference remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Adarsh Prasad Behera , Jaya Prakash Champati , Roberto Morabito , Sasu Tarkoma , James Gross

The multi-label classification problem has generated significant interest in recent years. However, existing approaches do not adequately address two key challenges: (a) the ability to tackle problems with a large number (say millions) of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Hsiang-Fu Yu , Prateek Jain , Purushottam Kar , Inderjit S. Dhillon

High-fidelity numerical simulations of partial differential equations (PDEs) given a restricted computational budget can significantly limit the number of parameter configurations considered and/or time window evaluated for modeling a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Paolo Conti , Mengwu Guo , Andrea Manzoni , Attilio Frangi , Steven L. Brunton , J. Nathan Kutz