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Consistent formulations of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics involve short lived modes, leading to asymptotic rather than convergent gradient expansions. In this Letter we consider the Mueller-Israel-Stewart theory applied to a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-08-31 Michal P. Heller , Michal Spalinski

We analytically investigate hydrodynamic attractor solutions in both M\"{u}ller-Israel-Stewart (MIS) and kinetic theories in a viscous fluid system undergoing a Hubble expansion with a fixed expansion rate. We show that the gradient…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-09-29 Zhiwei Du , Xu-Guang Huang , Hidetoshi Taya

We resum the non-equilibrium gradient corrections to a single-particle distribution function evolved by the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation (RTA). We first study a system undergoing Bjorken expansion and show that,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-05-13 Mike McNelis , Ulrich Heinz

We study the convergence of the hydrodynamic series in the gravity dual of Gauss-Bonnet gravity in five dimensions with negative cosmological constant via holography. By imposing boost invariance symmetry, we find a solution to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-23 Jorge Casalderrey-Solana , Nikola I. Gushterov , Ben Meiring

We explore the transition to hydrodynamics in a weakly-coupled model of quark-gluon plasma given by kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation with conformal symmetry. We demonstrate that the gradient expansion in this model has a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-06-12 Michal P. Heller , Aleksi Kurkela , Michal Spalinski , Viktor Svensson

We find the general analytical solution of the viscous relativistic hydrodynamic equations (in the absence of bulk viscosity and chemical potential) for a Bjorken expanding fluid with a constant shear viscosity relaxation time. We…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-04-04 Gabriel S. Denicol , Jorge Noronha

The gradient expansion is the fundamental organising principle underlying relativistic hydrodynamics, yet understanding its convergence properties for general nonlinear flows has posed a major challenge. We introduce a simple method to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-06 Michal P. Heller , Alexandre Serantes , Michał Spaliński , Viktor Svensson , Benjamin Withers

We derive the general analytical solution of the viscous hydrodynamic equations for an ultrarelativistic gas of hard spheres undergoing Bjorken expansion, taking into account effects from particle number conservation, and use it to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-22 Gabriel S. Denicol , Jorge Noronha

In this work, the poles and the resulting dispersion spectra from the relativistic kinetic equation have been analyzed with the help of a proposed collision kernel that conserves both the energy-momentum tensor and particle current by…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-31 Sukanya Mitra

We compute the gradient expansion for anisotropic hydrodynamics. The results are compared with the corresponding expansion of the underlying kinetic-theory model with the collision term treated in the relaxation time approximation. We find…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-12-28 Wojciech Florkowski , Radoslaw Ryblewski , Michał Spaliński

We utilize the fluid-gravity duality to investigate the large order behavior of hydrodynamic gradient expansion of the dynamics of a gauge theory plasma system. This corresponds to the inclusion of dissipative terms and transport…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-27 Michal P. Heller , Romuald A. Janik , Przemyslaw Witaszczyk

Perturbative expansions, such as the well-known gradient series and the recently proposed slow-roll expansion, have been recently used to investigate the emergence of hydrodynamic behavior in systems undergoing Bjorken flow. In this paper…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-06-19 Gabriel Denicol , Jorge Noronha

A second order relativistic hydrodynamic theory has been derived using momentum dependent relaxation time in the relativistic transport equation. In order to do that, an iterative technique of gradient expansion approach, namely…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Sukanya Mitra

A foundational question in relativistic fluid mechanics concerns the properties of the hydrodynamic gradient expansion at large orders. We establish the precise conditions under which this gradient expansion diverges for a broad class of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-08 Michal P. Heller , Alexandre Serantes , Michał Spaliński , Viktor Svensson , Benjamin Withers

We examine the applicability of relativistic hydrodynamics far from equilibrium by constructing formal solutions of the Boltzmann moment equations in the relaxation time approximation. These solutions naturally decompose into a divergent…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-29 Reghukrishnan Gangadharan

Fluid dynamics is traditionally thought to apply only to systems near local equilibrium. In this case, the effective theory of fluid dynamics can be constructed as a gradient series. Recent applications of resurgence suggest that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-19 Paul Romatschke

We obtain a formal integral solution to the 3+1 D Boltzmann Equation in relaxation time approximation. The gradient series obtained from this integral solution contains exponentially decaying non-hydrodynamic terms. It is shown that this…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-05-24 Reghukrishnan Gangadharan , Victor Roy

We rigorously prove that, in any relativistic kinetic theory whose non-hydrodynamic sector has a finite gap, the Taylor series of all hydrodynamic dispersion relations has a finite radius of convergence. Furthermore, we prove that, for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-11-11 Lorenzo Gavassino

We construct a kinetic model for matter-radiation interactions whose hydrodynamic gradient expansion can be computed analytically up to infinite order in derivatives, in the fully nonlinear regime, and for arbitrary flows. The frequency…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-18 Lorenzo Gavassino

Hydrodynamic excitations corresponding to sound and shear modes in fluids are characterised by gapless dispersion relations. In the hydrodynamic gradient expansion, their frequencies are represented by power series in spatial momenta. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-07-02 Sašo Grozdanov , Pavel K. Kovtun , Andrei O. Starinets , Petar Tadić
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