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In this paper, we outline a framework for modeling utility-based blockchain-enabled economic systems using Agent Based Modeling (ABM). Our approach is to model the supply dynamics based on metrics of the cryptoeconomy. We then build…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Kiran Karra , Tom Mellan , Maria Silva , Juan P. Madrigal-Cianci , Axel Cubero Cortes , Zixuan Zhang

In repeated games, such as auctions, players rely on autonomous learning agents to choose their actions. We study settings in which players have their agents make monetary transfers to other agents during play at their own expense, in order…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yoav Kolumbus , Joe Halpern , Éva Tardos

In multiagent systems autonomous agents interact with each other to achieve individual and collective goals. Typical interactions concern negotiation and agreement on resource exchanges. Modeling and formalizing these agreements pose…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Lorenzo Ceragioli , Pierpaolo Degano , Letterio Galletta , Luca Viganò

As generative AI commercializes, competitive advantage is shifting from one-time model training toward continuous inference, distribution, and routing. At the frontier, large-scale inference can function as cognitive infrastructure: a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Gaston Besanson , Marcelo Celani

Current agentic memory systems (vector stores, retrieval-augmented generation, scratchpads, and context-window management) do not implement memory: they implement lookup. We argue that treating lookup as memory is a category error with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Binyan Xu , Xilin Dai , Kehuan Zhang

An open problem in artificial intelligence is how to learn and represent knowledge that is sufficient for a general agent that needs to solve multiple tasks in a given world. In this work we propose world value functions (WVFs), which are a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Geraud Nangue Tasse , Steven James , Benjamin Rosman

There is an increased sensitivity by people about how companies collect information about them, and how this information is packaged, used and sold. This perceived lack of control is highlighted by the helplessness of users of various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Lindah Kotut , Timothy L. Stelter , Michael Horning , D. Scott McCrickard

As LLM agents evolve, tokens have emerged as the core economic primitives of Agentic AI. However, their exponential consumption introduces severe computational, collaborative, and security bottlenecks. Current surveys remain fragmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuxi Chen , Junming Chen , Chenyu He , Yiwei Li , Yicheng Ji , Yifan Wu , Dingyu Yang , Lansong Diao , Lidan Shou , Hongliang Zhang , Huan Li , Gang Chen

For millennia, human cognition was the primary engine of progress on Earth. As AI decouples cognition from biology, the marginal cost of measurable execution falls to zero, absorbing any labor capturable by metrics--including creative,…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-26 Christian Catalini , Xiang Hui , Jane Wu

The fragmentation of AI agent ecosystems has created urgent demands for interoperability, trust, and economic coordination that current protocols -- including MCP (Hou et al., 2025), A2A (Habler et al., 2025), ACP (Liu et al., 2025), and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sree Bhargavi Balija , Rekha Singal , Ramesh Raskar , Erfan Darzi , Raghu Bala , Thomas Hardjono , Ken Huang

We present a blockchain based system that allows data owners, cloud vendors, and AI developers to collaboratively train machine learning models in a trustless AI marketplace. Data is a highly valued digital asset and central to deriving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Nishant Baranwal Somy , Kalapriya Kannan , Vijay Arya , Sandeep Hans , Abhishek Singh , Pranay Lohia , Sameep Mehta

Large language model (LLM) agents are moving beyond prompting alone. ChatGPT marked the rise of general-purpose LLM assistants, DeepSeek showed that on-policy reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards can improve reasoning and tool…

Open agentic systems combine LLM-based planning with external capabilities, persistent memory, and privileged execution. They are used in coding assistants, browser copilots, and enterprise automation. OpenClaw is a visible instance of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shiping Chen , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Xu Wang , Liming Zhu

This article develops the concept of the agentic economy and diagnoses its measurable preconditions: a transition in which economic action is increasingly distributed among humans, AI agents, industrial robots, executable protocols, compute…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Davit Gondauri , Mikheil Batiashvili

This paper introduces the concept of value awareness in AI, which goes beyond the traditional value-alignment problem. Our definition of value awareness presents us with a concise and simplified roadmap for engineering value-aware AI. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Nardine Osman

Long-running AI agents need persistent memory. Memory supports learning across sessions, reduces repeated context injection, and enables auditing of past decisions. Current agent memory systems and database paradigms treat memory as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Abdelghny Orogat , Essam Mansour

Uncertainties in renewable generation and demand dynamics challenge day-ahead scheduling. To enhance renewable penetration and maintain intra-day balance, we develop a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for self-interested…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Junhao Ren , Honglin Gao , Lan Zhao , Qiyu Kang , Gaoxi Xiao , Yajuan Sun

As Machine Learning (ML) models are becoming increasingly complex, one of the central challenges is their deployment at scale, such that companies and organizations can create value through Artificial Intelligence (AI). An emerging paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Lam Duc Nguyen , Shashi Raj Pandey , Soret Beatriz , Arne Broering , Petar Popovski

AI agents are increasingly granted economic agency (executing trades, managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and spawning sub-agents), yet current frameworks gate this agency on capability benchmarks that are empirically uncorrelated with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Rahul Baxi

Weak memory models provide a complex, system-centric semantics for concurrent programs, while transactional memory (TM) provides a simpler, programmer-centric semantics. Both have been studied in detail, but their combined semantics is not…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Nathan Chong , Tyler Sorensen , John Wickerson
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