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With the rapid development of Large Vision Language Models, the focus of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent tasks shifts from single-screen tasks to complex screen navigation challenges. However, real-world GUI environments, such as PC…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haolong Yan , Yeqing Shen , Xin Huang , Jia Wang , Kaijun Tan , Zhixuan Liang , Hongxin Li , Zheng Ge , Osamu Yoshie , Si Li , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

We present MM-Navigator, a GPT-4V-based agent for the smartphone graphical user interface (GUI) navigation task. MM-Navigator can interact with a smartphone screen as human users, and determine subsequent actions to fulfill given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 An Yan , Zhengyuan Yang , Wanrong Zhu , Kevin Lin , Linjie Li , Jianfeng Wang , Jianwei Yang , Yiwu Zhong , Julian McAuley , Jianfeng Gao , Zicheng Liu , Lijuan Wang

The paper introduces GUI-Owl-1.5, the latest native GUI agent model that features instruct/thinking variants in multiple sizes (2B/4B/8B/32B/235B) and supports a range of platforms (desktop, mobile, browser, and more) to enable cloud-edge…

The recent DeepSeek-R1 has showcased the emergence of reasoning capabilities in LLMs through reinforcement learning (RL) with rule-based rewards. Despite its success in language models, its application in multi-modal domains, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengxi Lu , Yuxiang Chai , Yaxuan Guo , Xi Yin , Liang Liu , Hao Wang , Han Xiao , Shuai Ren , Guanjing Xiong , Hongsheng Li

Developing lightweight, on-device vision-language GUI agents is essential for efficient cross-platform automated interaction. However, current on-device agents are constrained by limited model capacity, and further performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yubin Wu , Zicheng Cai , Liping Ning , Hua Wang , Zhi Chen , Yaohua Tang , Hao Chen

Building general-purpose graphical user interface (GUI) agents has become increasingly promising with the progress in vision language models. However, developing effective mobile GUI agents with reinforcement learning (RL) remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yifan Xu , Xiao Liu , Xinghan Liu , Jiaqi Fu , Hanchen Zhang , Bohao Jing , Shudan Zhang , Yuting Wang , Wenyi Zhao , Yuxiao Dong

We present AutoGLM, a new series in the ChatGLM family, designed to serve as foundation agents for autonomous control of digital devices through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). While foundation models excel at acquiring human knowledge,…

Automated Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing plays a crucial role in ensuring app quality, especially as mobile applications have become an integral part of our daily lives. Despite the growing popularity of learning-based techniques in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Graphical user interface visual grounding (GUI-VG), a core capability for GUI agents, has primarily relied on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which demands extensive data curation and significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Weitai Kang , Bin Lei , Gaowen Liu , Caiwen Ding , Yan Yan

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a new era marked by the development of autonomous applications in real-world scenarios, which drives innovation in creating advanced web agents. Existing web agents typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Yong Dai , Hongming Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

Autonomous GUI agents based on vision-language models (VLMs) often assume deterministic environment responses, generating actions without verifying whether previous operations succeeded. In real-world settings with network latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuzhe Zhang , Xianwei Xue , Xingyong Wu , Mengke Chen , Chen Liu , Xinran He , Run Shao , Feiran Liu , Huanmin Xu , Qiutong Pan , Haiwei Wang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL) have driven progress in GUI automation. However, most existing methods rely on static, one-shot visual inputs and passive perception, lacking the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chen Chen , Jiawei Shao , Dakuan Lu , Haoyi Hu , Xiangcheng Liu , Hantao Yao , Wu Liu

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Libo Sun , Jiwen Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei

Exploratory GUI testing is a particularly demanding setting for MLLM agents: without predefined test scripts, an agent must autonomously navigate an application and discover defects through its own interaction. However, current evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiaoyi Chen , Yifei Gao , Yang Xu , Xingxing Song , Yi Zhang , Jitao Sang

Vision-language model-based mobile agents have gained the ability to understand complex instructions and mobile screenshots, benefiting from reinforcement learning paradigms like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jihao Gu , Qihang Ai , Yingyao Wang , Pi Bu , Jingxuan Xing , Zekun Zhu , Wei Jiang , Ziming Wang , Yingxiu Zhao , Ming-Liang Zhang , Jun Song , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

Autonomous agents for long-sequence Graphical User Interface tasks are hindered by sparse rewards and the intractable credit assignment problem. To address these challenges, we introduce GUI-Shepherd, a Process Reward Model that provides…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cong Chen , Kaixiang Ji , Hao Zhong , Muzhi Zhu , Anzhou Li , Guo Gan , Ziyuan Huang , Cheng Zou , Jiajia Liu , Jingdong Chen , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have gained substantial attention due to their impressive capabilities to complete tasks through multiple interactions within GUI environments. However, existing agents primarily focus on enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Qinzhuo Wu , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan

The development of autonomous agents for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) presents major challenges in artificial intelligence. While recent advances in native agent models have shown promise by unifying perception, reasoning, action, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Haoming Wang , Haoyang Zou , Huatong Song , Jiazhan Feng , Junjie Fang , Junting Lu , Longxiang Liu , Qinyu Luo , Shihao Liang , Shijue Huang , Wanjun Zhong , Yining Ye , Yujia Qin , Yuwen Xiong , Yuxin Song , Zhiyong Wu , Aoyan Li , Bo Li , Chen Dun , Chong Liu , Daoguang Zan , Fuxing Leng , Hanbin Wang , Hao Yu , Haobin Chen , Hongyi Guo , Jing Su , Jingjia Huang , Kai Shen , Kaiyu Shi , Lin Yan , Peiyao Zhao , Pengfei Liu , Qinghao Ye , Renjie Zheng , Shulin Xin , Wayne Xin Zhao , Wen Heng , Wenhao Huang , Wenqian Wang , Xiaobo Qin , Yi Lin , Youbin Wu , Zehui Chen , Zihao Wang , Baoquan Zhong , Xinchun Zhang , Xujing Li , Yuanfan Li , Zhongkai Zhao , Chengquan Jiang , Faming Wu , Haotian Zhou , Jinlin Pang , Li Han , Qi Liu , Qianli Ma , Siyao Liu , Songhua Cai , Wenqi Fu , Xin Liu , Yaohui Wang , Zhi Zhang , Bo Zhou , Guoliang Li , Jiajun Shi , Jiale Yang , Jie Tang , Li Li , Qihua Han , Taoran Lu , Woyu Lin , Xiaokang Tong , Xinyao Li , Yichi Zhang , Yu Miao , Zhengxuan Jiang , Zili Li , Ziyuan Zhao , Chenxin Li , Dehua Ma , Feng Lin , Ge Zhang , Haihua Yang , Hangyu Guo , Hongda Zhu , Jiaheng Liu , Junda Du , Kai Cai , Kuanye Li , Lichen Yuan , Meilan Han , Minchao Wang , Shuyue Guo , Tianhao Cheng , Xiaobo Ma , Xiaojun Xiao , Xiaolong Huang , Xinjie Chen , Yidi Du , Yilin Chen , Yiwen Wang , Zhaojian Li , Zhenzhu Yang , Zhiyuan Zeng , Chaolin Jin , Chen Li , Hao Chen , Haoli Chen , Jian Chen , Qinghao Zhao , Guang Shi

The advancement of mobile GUI agents has opened new opportunities for automating tasks on mobile devices. Training these agents requires large-scale high-quality data, which is prohibitively expensive when relying on human labor. Given the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wenhao Wang , Mengying Yuan , Zijie Yu , Guangyi Liu , Rui Ye , Tian Jin , Siheng Chen , Yanfeng Wang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models unlock unprecedented opportunities for GUI automation. However, a fundamental challenge remains: how to efficiently acquire high-quality training data while maintaining annotation…