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Argumentation frameworks (AFs) are a foundational tool in artificial intelligence for modeling structured reasoning and conflict. SCC-recursiveness is a well-known design principle in which the evaluation of arguments is decomposed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Uri Andrews , Luca San Mauro

Language model outputs are not always reliable, thus prompting research into how to adapt model responses based on uncertainty. Common approaches include: \emph{abstention}, where models refrain from generating responses when uncertain; and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Zhengping Jiang , Anqi Liu , Benjamin Van Durme

Different types of reasoning impose different structural demands on representational systems, yet no systematic account of these demands exists across psychology, AI, and philosophy of mind. I propose a framework identifying four structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yiling Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with deductive judgment in syllogistic reasoning, systematically conflating semantic plausibility with formal validity a phenomenon known as content effect. This bias persists even when models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Gabriele Maraia , Marco Valentino , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Leonardo Ranaldi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence and Formal Argumentation have received significant attention in recent years. Argumentation-based systems often lack explainability while supporting decision-making processes. Counterfactual and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Gianvincenzo Alfano , Sergio Greco , Francesco Parisi , Irina Trubitsyna

Shannon's information theory deliberately excludes message semantics. This paper develops a rigorous framework for semantic communication that integrates formal proof systems with Shannon-theoretic tools. We introduce an axiomatic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jianfeng Xu

As AI models grow more complex, explainability is essential for building trust, yet concept-based counterfactual methods still face a trade-off between expressivity and efficiency. Representing underlying concepts as atomic sets is fast but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Angeliki Dimitriou , Nikolaos Chaidos , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Filandrianos , Giorgos Stamou

The abductive natural language inference task ($\alpha$NLI) is proposed to infer the most plausible explanation between the cause and the event. In the $\alpha$NLI task, two observations are given, and the most plausible hypothesis is asked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Linhao Li , Ming Xu , Yongfeng Dong , Xin Li , Ao Wang

Explaining autonomous and intelligent systems is critical in order to improve trust in their decisions. Counterfactuals have emerged as one of the most compelling forms of explanation. They address ``why not'' questions by revealing how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Leila Amgoud , Martin Cooper

A number of writers(Joseph Halpern and Fahiem Bacchus among them) have offered semantics for formal languages in which inferences concerning probabilities can be made. Our concern is different. This paper provides a formalization of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Henry E. Kyburg

A coverage type generalizes refinement types found in many functional languages with support for must-style underapproximate reasoning. Property-based testing frameworks are one particularly useful domain where such capabilities are useful…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhe Zhou , Benjamin Delaware , Suresh Jagannathan

While neural models show remarkable accuracy on individual predictions, their internal beliefs can be inconsistent across examples. In this paper, we formalize such inconsistency as a generalization of prediction error. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Tao Li , Vivek Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Vivek Srikumar

In many situations humans have to reason with inconsistent knowledge. These inconsistencies may occur due to not fully reliable sources of information. In order to reason with inconsistent knowledge, it is not possible to view a set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Nico Roos

This paper presents a semantic parsing approach for unrestricted texts. Semantic parsing is one of the major bottlenecks of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) systems and usually requires building expensive resources not easily portable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jordi Atserias , Irene Castellon , Montse Civit , German Rigau

This study is a preliminary exploration of the concept of informativeness -how much information a sentence gives about a word it contains- and its potential benefits to building quality word representations from scarce data. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Syrielle Montariol , Aina Garí Soler , Alexandre Allauzen

Coherence is a linguistic term that refers to the relations between small textual units (sentences, propositions), which make the text logically consistent and meaningful to the reader. With the advances of generative foundational models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Aviya Maimon , Reut Tsarfaty

We take a fresh look at the logics of informational dependence and independence of Hintikka and Sandu and Vaananen, and their compositional semantics due to Hodges. We show how Hodges' semantics can be seen as a special case of a general…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-18 Samson Abramsky , Jouko Vaananen

The problem of explaining inconsistency-tolerant reasoning in knowledge bases (KBs) is a prominent topic in Artificial Intelligence (AI). While there is some work on this problem, the explanations provided by existing approaches often lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Loan Ho , Stefan Schlobach

Despite significant progress in text generation models, a serious limitation is their tendency to produce text that is factually inconsistent with information in the input. Recent work has studied whether textual entailment systems can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tanya Goyal , Greg Durrett

We further develop the formal foundations of Paraconsistent Belief Revision (PBR) by introducing Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs) specifically designed to support the development of epistemic entrenchment-based models for belief…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Marcelo E. Coniglio , Martin Figallo , Rafael R. Testa