Related papers: On the Quartic Invariant of Odd Degree Binary Form…

The discriminant of a trinomial of the form $x^n \pm x^m \pm 1$ has the form $\pm n^n \pm (n-m)^{n-m} m^m$ if $n$ and $m$ are relatively prime. We investigate when these discriminants have nontrivial square factors. We explain various…

Let $-D$ be a fundamental discriminant. We express the number of representations of an integer by a positive definite binary quadratic form of discriminant $-D$ with an odd class number $h(-D)$ as a rational linear expression involving the…

Given a field $F$ of characteristic 2, we prove that if every three quadratic $n$-fold Pfister forms have a common quadratic $(n-1)$-fold Pfister factor then $I_q^{n+1} F=0$. As a result, we obtain that if every three quaternion algebras…

An orthogonal involution $\sigma$ on a central simple algebra $A$, after scalar extension to the function field $\mathcal{F}(A)$ of the Severi--Brauer variety of $A$, is adjoint to a quadratic form $q_\sigma$ over $\mathcal{F}(A)$, which is…

Let $\mathcal{H} \subset \mathcal{H}_{n,d} := \mathbb{R}[x_1$,$\ldots$, $x_n]_d$ be a vector space, and $A$ be a compact semialgebraic subset of $\mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{R}}^{n-1}$. We shall study some PSD cones $\mathcal{P} = \mathcal{P}(A$,…

Over an algebraically closed base field $k$ of characteristic 2, the ring $R^G$ of invariants is studied, $G$ being the orthogonal group O(n) or the special orthogonal group SO(n) and acting naturally on the coordinate ring $R$ of the…

We prove that if $F$ is a non-zero (possibly non-cuspidal) vector-valued Siegel modular form of any degree, then it has infinitely many non-zero Fourier coefficients which are indexed by half-integral matrices having odd, square-free (and…

In this paper, we introduce a newly defined algebraic invariant for square matrices termed the \emph{Alternating Power Difference (APD)}. The APD is defined as the signed sum of the powers of diagonal sums along permutations of the…

We consider the question of determining whether two binary cubic forms over an arbitrary field $K$ whose characteristic is not $2$ or $3$ are equivalent under the actions of either GL$(2,K)$ or SL$(2,K)$, deriving two necessary and…

Let $p$ be an odd prime and $\mathbb{F}_p$ be the prime field of order $p$. Consider a $2$-dimensional orthogonal group $G$ over $\mathbb{F}_p$ acting on the standard representation $V$ and the dual space $V^*$. We compute the invariant…

There is a simple and natural quantization of differential forms on odd Poisson supermanifolds, given by the relation [f,dg]={f,g} for any two functions f and g. We notice that this non-commutative differential algebra has a geometrical…

We initiate a systematic study of nonnegative polynomials $P$ such that $P^k$ is not a sum of squares for any odd $k\geq 1$, calling such $P$ \emph{stubborn}. We develop a new invariant of a real isolated zero of a nonnegative polynomial in…

For any fixed nonzero integer $h$, we show that a positive proportion of integral binary quartic forms $F$ do locally everywhere represent $h$, but do not globally represent $h$. We order classes of integral binary quartic forms by the two…

We prove that if $f$ is a non zero cusp form of weight $k$ on $\Gamma_0(N)$ with character $\chi$ such that $N/(\text{conductor }\chi)$ square-free, then there exists a square-free $n\ll_{\epsilon} k^{3+\epsilon}N^{7/2+\epsilon}$ such that…

A theorem of Pfister asserts that every $12$-dimensional quadratic form with trivial discriminant and trivial Clifford invariant over a field of characteristic different from $2$ decomposes as a tensor product of a binary quadratic form and…

A certain real number, depending on two neighbouring sides of a quadrilateral and the diagonal meeting these two sides at their common point, is shown to be invariant under affinity. As an application we demonstrate a nice formula for the…

Working over an algebraically closed base field $k$ of characteristic 2, the ring of invariants $R^G$ is studied, where $G$ is the orthogonal group O(n) or the special orthogonal group SO(n), acting naturally on the coordinate ring $R$ of…

In 1973, Calder\'{o}n proved that an $m \times 2$ positive semidefinite (psd) biquadratic form can always be expressed as the sum of ${3m(m+1) \over 2}$ squares of quadratic forms. Very recently, by applying Hilbert's theorem on ternary…

For any 4-variate quartic form $f\geq 0$ (i.e. $f$ nonnegative, homogeneous polynomial of degree $4$ with real coefficients) there exist quadratic forms $q$ and $q'$ so that $qq'f$ is a sum of squares (s.o.s.) of quartics, by reducing to…

Squaregraphs were originally defined as finite plane graphs in which all inner faces are quadrilaterals (i.e., 4-cycles) and all inner vertices (i.e., the vertices not incident with the outer face) have degrees larger than three. The planar…