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This paper demonstrates the integration of Reinforcement Learning (RL) into quantum transpiling workflows, significantly enhancing the synthesis and routing of quantum circuits. By employing RL, we achieve near-optimal synthesis of Linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 David Kremer , Victor Villar , Hanhee Paik , Ivan Duran , Ismael Faro , Juan Cruz-Benito

Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs), exemplified by DeepSeek R1, have shown that even a simple question-answering task can substantially improve an LLM's reasoning capabilities. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu

Writing GPU kernels is a challenging task and critical for AI systems' efficiency. It is also highly iterative: domain experts write code and improve performance through execution feedback. Moreover, it presents verifiable rewards like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Carlo Baronio , Pietro Marsella , Ben Pan , Simon Guo , Silas Alberti

In this paper, we investigate code-integrated reasoning, where models generate code when necessary and integrate feedback by executing it through a code interpreter. To acquire this capability, models must learn when and how to use external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Fei Bai , Yingqian Min , Beichen Zhang , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Zheng Liu , Zhongyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Competitive programming poses a significant challenge for Code LLMs. While recent models have shown promise, they heavily rely on finite real-world data, raising concerns about scalability and contamination. In this paper, we investigate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jie Wu , Haoling Li , Xin Zhang , Jiani Guo , Jane Luo , Steven Liu , Yangyu Huang , Ruihang Chu , Scarlett Li , Yujiu Yang

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning has become a crucial step in post-training language models for advanced mathematical reasoning and coding. Following the success of frontier reasoning models, recent work has demonstrated that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Rosie Zhao , Alexandru Meterez , Sham Kakade , Cengiz Pehlevan , Samy Jelassi , Eran Malach

Research Agents enable models to gather information from the web using tools to answer user queries, requiring them to dynamically interleave internal reasoning with tool use. While such capabilities can in principle be learned via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hansi Zeng , Zoey Li , Yifan Gao , Chenwei Zhang , Xiaoman Pan , Tao Yang , Fengran Mo , Jiacheng Lin , Xian Li , Jingbo Shang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

In curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL), an agent incrementally accumulates knowledge over a sequence of tasks (i.e., a curriculum), and the learning process is aimed at using the accumulated knowledge to finally solve a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yongyan Wen , Siyuan Li , Mingjian Fu , Yiqin Yang , Xun Wang , Peng Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks through both post-training and test-time scaling laws. While prevalent test-time scaling approaches are often realized by using external reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fuxiang Zhang , Jiacheng Xu , Chaojie Wang , Ce Cui , Yang Liu , Bo An

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

Synthetic data augmentation via large language models (LLMs) allows researchers to leverage additional training data, thus enhancing the performance of downstream tasks, especially when real-world data is scarce. However, the generated data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Hsun-Yu Kuo , Yin-Hsiang Liao , Yu-Chieh Chao , Wei-Yun Ma , Pu-Jen Cheng

Multi-step reasoning is a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence, with applications ranging from mathematical problem-solving to decision-making in dynamic environments. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Tao Xu , Dung-Yang Lee , Momiao Xiong

A widely adopted strategy for model enhancement is to use synthetic data generated by a stronger model for supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, for emerging reasoning models like Qwen3-8B, this approach often fails to improve reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zixian Huang , Kaichen Yang , Xu Huang , Feiyang Hao , Qiming Ge , Bowen Li , He Du , Kai Chen , Qipeng Guo

Scaling reinforcement learning (RL) has shown strong promise for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), particularly in tasks requiring long chain-of-thought generation. However, RL training efficiency is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yiqi Zhang , Huiqiang Jiang , Xufang Luo , Zhihe Yang , Chengruidong Zhang , Yifei Shen , Dongsheng Li , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu , Yang You

In this work, we study the problem of code generation with a large language model (LLM), with a focus on generating SQL queries from natural language questions. We ask: Instead of using supervised fine tuning with text-code pairs, can we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Atharv Kulkarni , Vivek Srikumar

Does Reinforcement Learning (RL) merely amplify existing skills, or synthesize novel skills? We investigate this question through the lens of Complementary Reasoning: the critical practical capability of integrating internal knowledge with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sitao Cheng , Xunjian Yin , Ruiwen Zhou , Yuxuan Li , Xinyi Wang , Liangming Pan , William Yang Wang , Victor Zhong

Language model pretraining with next token prediction has proved effective for scaling compute but is limited to the amount of available training data. Scaling reinforcement learning (RL) unlocks a new axis for the continued improvement of…

Training models on synthetic data has emerged as an increasingly important strategy for improving the performance of generative AI. This approach is particularly helpful for large multimodal models (LMMs) due to the relative scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Gabriela Ben Melech Stan , Estelle Aflalo , Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard