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This paper studies plug-and-play (PnP) Langevin sampling strategies for Bayesian inference in low-photon Poisson imaging problems, a challenging class of problems with significant applications in astronomy, medicine, and biology. PnP…

Computation · Statistics 2026-01-12 Teresa Klatzer , Savvas Melidonis , Marcelo Pereyra , Konstantinos C. Zygalakis

In this paper, we denoise a given noisy image by minimizing a smoothness promoting function over a set of local similarity measures which compare the mean of the given image and some candidate image on a large collection of subboxes. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Christian Kanzow , Fabius Krämer , Patrick Mehlitz , Gerd Wachsmuth , Frank Werner

Deep Equilibrium Models (DEQs) are implicit neural networks with fixed points, which have recently gained attention for learning image regularization functionals, particularly in settings involving Gaussian fidelities, where assumptions on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Christian Daniele , Silvia Villa , Samuel Vaiter , Luca Calatroni

Estimating a vector $\mathbf{x}$ from noisy linear measurements $\mathbf{Ax}+\mathbf{w}$ often requires use of prior knowledge or structural constraints on $\mathbf{x}$ for accurate reconstruction. Several recent works have considered…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Alyson K. Fletcher , Sundeep Rangan , Subrata Sarkar , Philip Schniter

In recent years Plug-and-Play (PnP) methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance in inverse imaging problems by replacing proximal operators with denoisers. Based on the proximal gradient method, some theoretical results of PnP have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuchang Zhang , Hongxia Wang

In the Plug-and-Play (PnP) method, a denoiser is used as a regularizer within classical proximal algorithms for image reconstruction. It is known that a broad class of linear denoisers can be expressed as the proximal operator of a convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Arghya Sinha , Kunal N Chaudhury

In this work, we introduce a novel estimator of the predictive risk with Poisson data, when the loss function is the Kullback-Leibler divergence, in order to define a regularization parameter's choice rule for the Expectation Maximization…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Paolo Massa , Federico Benvenuto

This paper presents a novel deformable registration framework, leveraging an image prior specified through a denoising function, for severely noise-corrupted placental images. Recent work on plug-and-play (PnP) priors has shown the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-04 Jiarui Xing , Ulugbek Kamilov , Wenjie Wu , Yong Wang , Miaomiao Zhang

In many inverse problems it is essential to use regularization methods that preserve edges in the reconstructions, and many reconstruction models have been developed for this task, such as the Total Variation (TV) approach. The associated…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-06-05 Donghui Chen , Misha E. Kilmer , Per Christian Hansen

Bayesian methods to solve imaging inverse problems usually combine an explicit data likelihood function with a prior distribution that explicitly models expected properties of the solution. Many kinds of priors have been explored in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Rémi Laumont , Valentin de Bortoli , Andrés Almansa , Julie Delon , Alain Durmus , Marcelo Pereyra

Plug-and-Play (PnP) is a non-convex optimization framework that combines proximal algorithms, for example, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), with advanced denoising priors. Over the past few years, great empirical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Kaixuan Wei , Angelica Aviles-Rivero , Jingwei Liang , Ying Fu , Hua Huang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

To solve inverse problems, plug-and-play (PnP) methods replace the proximal step in a convex optimization algorithm with a call to an application-specific denoiser, often implemented using a deep neural network (DNN). Although such methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-08 Saurav K. Shastri , Rizwan Ahmad , Christopher A. Metzler , Philip Schniter

It is known that the minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) denoiser under Gaussian noise can be written as a proximal operator, which suffices for asymptotic convergence of plug-and-play (PnP) methods but does not reveal the structure of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Henry Pritchard , Rahul Parhi

Plug-and-play (PnP) prior is a well-known class of methods for solving imaging inverse problems by computing fixed-points of operators combining physical measurement models and learned image denoisers. While PnP methods have been…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-30 Weijie Gan , Shirin Shoushtari , Yuyang Hu , Jiaming Liu , Hongyu An , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

There are various inverse problems -- including reconstruction problems arising in medical imaging -- where one is often aware of the forward operator that maps variables of interest to the observations. It is therefore natural to ask…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Jaweria Amjad , Zhaoyan Lyu , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

In this paper, we introduce Plug-and-Play (PnP) Flow Matching, an algorithm for solving imaging inverse problems. PnP methods leverage the strength of pre-trained denoisers, often deep neural networks, by integrating them in optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ségolène Martin , Anne Gagneux , Paul Hagemann , Gabriele Steidl

Plug-and-play priors (PnP) is an image reconstruction framework that uses an image denoiser as an imaging prior. Unlike traditional regularized inversion, PnP does not require the prior to be expressible in the form of a regularization…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-27 Xiaojian Xu , Jiaming Liu , Yu Sun , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

The plug-and-play (PnP) method uses a deep denoiser within a proximal algorithm for model-based image reconstruction (IR). Unlike end-to-end IR, PnP allows the same pretrained denoiser to be used across different imaging tasks, without the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Arghya Sinha , Trishit Mukherjee , Kunal N. Chaudhury

We address the image restoration problem under Poisson noise corruption. The Kullback-Leibler divergence, which is typically adopted in the variational framework as data fidelity term in this case, is coupled with the second-order Total…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Daniela di Serafino , Monica Pragliola

Regularized inversion methods for image reconstruction are used widely due to their tractability and ability to combine complex physical sensor models with useful regularity criteria. Such methods motivated the recently developed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Gregery T. Buzzard , Stanley H. Chan , Suhas Sreehari , Charles A. Bouman