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Gender bias in pretrained language models (PLMs) poses significant social and ethical challenges. Despite growing awareness, there is a lack of comprehensive investigation into how different models internally represent and propagate such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mahdi Zakizadeh , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit socio-economic biases that can propagate into downstream tasks. While prior studies have questioned whether intrinsic bias in LLMs affects fairness at the downstream task level, this work empirically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 'Mina Arzaghi' , 'Alireza Dehghanpour Farashah' , 'Florian Carichon' , ' Golnoosh Farnadi'

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are trained on data that inherently contains gender biases, leading to undesirable impacts. Traditional debiasing methods often rely on external corpora, which may lack quality, diversity, or demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Liu Yu , Ludie Guo , Ping Kuang , Fan Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate biased responses. Yet previous direct probing techniques contain either gender mentions or predefined gender stereotypes, which are challenging to comprehensively collect. Hence, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xiangjue Dong , Yibo Wang , Philip S. Yu , James Caverlee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating content that exhibits gender biases, raising significant ethical concerns. Alignment, the process of fine-tuning LLMs to better align with desired behaviors, is recognized as an effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tao Zhang , Ziqian Zeng , Yuxiang Xiao , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen , James Foulds , Shimei Pan

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit and amplify social biases embedded in their training data. A prominent social bias is gender bias. In this regard, prior work has mainly focused on gender stereotyping bias - the association of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Erik Derner , Sara Sansalvador de la Fuente , Yoan Gutiérrez , Paloma Moreda , Nuria Oliver

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Atmika Gorti , Manas Gaur , Aman Chadha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial progress in the past several months, shattering state-of-the-art benchmarks in many domains. This paper investigates LLMs' behavior with respect to gender stereotypes, a known issue for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hadas Kotek , Rikker Dockum , David Q. Sun

Conventional large language model (LLM) fairness alignment largely focuses on mitigating bias along single sensitive attributes, overlooking fairness as an inherently multidimensional and context-specific value. This approach risks creating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Eva Paraschou , Line Harder Clemmensen , Sneha Das

The growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) has amplified concerns regarding their inherent biases, raising critical questions about their fairness, safety, and societal impact. However, quantifying LLM bias remains a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alireza Arbabi , Florian Kerschbaum

Existing studies on bias mitigation methods for large language models (LLMs) use diverse baselines and metrics to evaluate debiasing performance, leading to inconsistent comparisons among them. Moreover, their evaluations are mostly based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xin Xu , Xunzhi He , Churan Zhi , Ruizhe Chen , Julian McAuley , Zexue He

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, ensuring their fair responses across demographics has become crucial. Despite many efforts, an ongoing challenge is hidden bias: LLMs appear fair under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Kahee Lim , Soyeon Kim , Steven Euijong Whang

As teachers increasingly turn to GenAI in their educational practice, we need robust methods to benchmark large language models (LLMs) for pedagogical purposes. This article presents an embedding-based benchmarking framework to detect bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yishan Du , Conrad Borchers , Mutlu Cukurova

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used across different applications, concerns about their potential to amplify gender biases in various tasks are rising. Prior research has often probed gender bias using explicit gender cues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shahed Masoudian , Gustavo Escobedo , Hannah Strauss , Markus Schedl

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, they are increasingly being employed in numerous studies to simulate societies and execute diverse social tasks. However, LLMs are susceptible to societal biases due to their exposure to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Angana Borah , Rada Mihalcea

Gender, race and social biases have recently been detected as evident examples of unfairness in applications of Natural Language Processing. A key path towards fairness is to understand, analyse and interpret our data and algorithms. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Christine Basta , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Word embeddings have been shown to produce remarkable results in tackling a vast majority of NLP related tasks. Unfortunately, word embeddings also capture the stereotypical biases that are prevalent in society, affecting the predictive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Navya Yarrabelly , Vinay Damodaran , Feng-Guang Su

Large language models (LLMs) acquire beliefs about gender from training data and can therefore generate text with stereotypical gender attitudes. Prior studies have demonstrated model generations favor one gender or exhibit stereotypes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sharon Levy , William D. Adler , Tahilin Sanchez Karver , Mark Dredze , Michelle R. Kaufman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet concerns persist regarding their tendency to reflect or amplify social biases. This study introduces a novel evaluation framework to uncover gender biases in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Evan Chen , Run-Jun Zhan , Yan-Bai Lin , Hung-Hsuan Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman
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