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Controllable captioning is essential for precise multimodal alignment and instruction following, yet existing models often lack fine-grained control and reliable evaluation protocols. To address this gap, we present the AnyCap Project, an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yiming Ren , Zhiqiang Lin , Yu Li , Gao Meng , Weiyun Wang , Junjie Wang , Zicheng Lin , Jifeng Dai , Yujiu Yang , Wenhai Wang , Ruihang Chu

Automated audio captioning (AAC) is an audio-to-text task to describe audio contents in natural language. Recently, the advancements in large language models (LLMs), with improvements in training approaches for audio encoders, have opened…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Jizhong Liu , Gang Li , Junbo Zhang , Heinrich Dinkel , Yongqing Wang , Zhiyong Yan , Yujun Wang , Bin Wang

Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) is the task of generating natural language descriptions given an audio stream. A typical AAC system requires manually curated training data of audio segments and corresponding text caption annotations. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Soham Deshmukh , Benjamin Elizalde , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh , Huaming Wang

Recent advancements in audio tokenization have significantly enhanced the integration of audio capabilities into large language models (LLMs). However, audio understanding and generation are often treated as distinct tasks, hindering the…

Automated audio captioning is a cross-modal translation task for describing the content of audio clips with natural language sentences. This task has attracted increasing attention and substantial progress has been made in recent years.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Xinhao Mei , Xubo Liu , Jianyuan Sun , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

Audio captioning is an important research area that aims to generate meaningful descriptions for audio clips. Most of the existing research extracts acoustic features of audio clips as input to encoder-decoder and transformer architectures…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ayşegül Özkaya Eren , Mustafa Sert

Audio captioning is a novel field of multi-modal translation and it is the task of creating a textual description of the content of an audio signal (e.g. "people talking in a big room"). The creation of a dataset for this task requires a…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Samuel Lipping , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen

This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and challenges in applying large language models to the field of audio signal processing. Audio processing, with its diverse signal representations and a wide…

Bioacoustics, the study of sounds produced by living organisms, plays a vital role in conservation, biodiversity monitoring, and behavioral studies. Many tasks in this field, such as species, individual, and behavior classification and…

Recent advances in audio-language models have demonstrated remarkable success on short, segment-level speech tasks. However, real-world applications such as meeting transcription, spoken document understanding, and conversational analysis…

Audio Captioning (AC) plays a pivotal role in enhancing audio-text cross-modal understanding during the pretraining and finetuning of Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs). To strengthen this alignment, recent works propose Audio Difference Captioning…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuhang Jia , Xu Zhang , Yujie Guo , Yang Chen , Shiwan Zhao

Audio captioning aims at describing the content of audio clips with human language. Due to the ambiguity of audio, different people may perceive the same audio differently, resulting in caption disparities (i.e., one audio may correlate to…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Yiming Zhang , Hong Yu , Ruoyi Du , Zhanyu Ma , Yuan Dong

Current audio foundation models typically rely on rigid, task-specific supervision, addressing isolated factors of audio rather than the whole. In contrast, human intelligence processes audio holistically, seamlessly bridging physical…

With the rise of multimodal large language models (LLMs), audio codec plays an increasingly vital role in encoding audio into discrete tokens, enabling integration of audio into text-based LLMs. Current audio codec captures two types of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Ruifan Deng , Yitian Gong , Qinghui Gao , Luozhijie Jin , Qinyuan Cheng , Zhaoye Fei , Shimin Li , Xipeng Qiu

Automated audio captioning (AAC) has developed rapidly in recent years, involving acoustic signal processing and natural language processing to generate human-readable sentences for audio clips. The current models are generally based on the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Zhongjie Ye , Helin Wang , Dongchao Yang , Yuexian Zou

Audio Question Answering (AQA) constitutes a pivotal task in which machines analyze both audio signals and natural language questions to produce precise natural language answers. The significance of possessing high-quality, diverse, and…

In traditional audio captioning methods, a model is usually trained in a fully supervised manner using a human-annotated dataset containing audio-text pairs and then evaluated on the test sets from the same dataset. Such methods have two…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yiming Zhang , Xuenan Xu , Ruoyi Du , Haohe Liu , Yuan Dong , Zheng-Hua Tan , Wenwu Wang , Zhanyu Ma

Detailed captions that accurately reflect the characteristics of a music piece can enrich music databases and drive forward research in music AI. This paper introduces a multi-task music captioning model, SonicVerse, that integrates caption…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Anuradha Chopra , Abhinaba Roy , Dorien Herremans

Audio-Language Models (ALMs), trained on paired audio-text data, are designed to process, understand, and reason about audio-centric multimodal content. Unlike traditional supervised approaches that use predefined labels, ALMs leverage…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yi Su , Jisheng Bai , Qisheng Xu , Kele Xu , Yong Dou

Automated audio captioning (AAC) aims at generating summarizing descriptions for audio clips. Multitudinous concepts are described in an audio caption, ranging from local information such as sound events to global information like acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Xuenan Xu , Heinrich Dinkel , Mengyue Wu , Zeyu Xie , Kai Yu