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Despite potential quantum supremacy, state-of-the-art quantum neural networks (QNNs) suffer from low inference accuracy. First, the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices with high error rates of 0.001 to 0.01 significantly…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Cheng Chu , Nai-Hui Chia , Lei Jiang , Fan Chen

Accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation for lithium-ion batteries remains a challenging problem due to complex electrochemical degradation mechanisms and long-range temporal dependencies. In this work, we propose a quantum-enhanced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Yin Xu , Qinglin Liu , Li Gao , Hua Xu

Quantum machine learning for classical data is currently perceived to have a scalability problem due to (i) a bottleneck at the point of loading data into quantum states, (ii) the lack of clarity around good optimization strategies, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Sonika Johri

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are pivotal components of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which represent a promising pathway to quantum advantage in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. PQCs enable flexible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Joona Pankkonen , Lauri Ylinen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

Quantum Boltzmann machines (QBMs) are generative models with potential advantages in quantum machine learning, yet their training is fundamentally limited by the barren plateau problem, where gradients vanish exponentially with system size.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Takeshi Kimura , Kohtaro Kato , Masahito Hayashi

We propose an algorithm for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to optimize the structure of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) efficiently. The algorithm optimizes the PQC structure on-the-fly in VQA by sequentially replacing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-17 Kaito Wada , Rudy Raymond , Yuki Sato , Hiroshi C. Watanabe

Leveraging the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum systems, generative quantum machine learning (QML) offers the potential to outperform classical learning models. Current generative QML algorithms mostly rely on general-purpose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Bence Bakó , Dániel T. R. Nagy , Péter Hága , Zsófia Kallus , Zoltán Zimborás

A new paradigm for data science has emerged, with quantum data, quantum models, and quantum computational devices. This field, called Quantum Machine Learning (QML), aims to achieve a speedup over traditional machine learning for data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Supanut Thanasilp , Samson Wang , Nhat A. Nghiem , Patrick J. Coles , M. Cerezo

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer the most promising path to obtaining quantum advantages via noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Such systems leverage classical optimization to tune the parameters of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance across domains but face significant challenges when deployed on consumer-grade GPUs or personal devices such as laptops, due to high memory consumption and inference costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Li Lin , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have been widely used as a machine learning model to explore the potential of achieving quantum advantages for various tasks. However, training PQCs is notoriously challenging owing to the phenomenon of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Yabo Wang , Bo Qi , Chris Ferrie , Daoyi Dong

Classical optimization of parameterized quantum circuits is a widely studied methodology for the preparation of complex quantum states, as well as the solution of machine learning and optimization problems. However, it is well known that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Abhinav Deshpande , Marcel Hinsche , Khadijeh Najafi , Kunal Sharma , Ryan Sweke , Christa Zoufal

The training of a parameterized model largely depends on the landscape of the underlying loss function. In particular, vanishing gradients are a central bottleneck in the scalability of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), and are known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-26 Alistair Letcher , Stefan Woerner , Christa Zoufal

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) play an essential role in the application of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The PQCs are a leading candidate to achieve a quantum advantage in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Joona V. Pankkonen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

Recurrent neural architectures such as LSTM and GRU remain widely used in sequence modeling, but they continue to face two core limitations: redundant gate-specific parameters and reduced ability to retain information across long temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Isaac Kofi Nti

The rapid advancements in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) have led to the emergence of quantum machine learning (QML), which integrates the strengths of both fields. Among QML approaches, variational quantum circuits…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a promising pathway toward achieving practical quantum advantage on near-term hardware. Despite this promise, for generic, expressive ans\"atze, their scalability is critically hindered by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Chenfeng Cao , Yeqing Zhou , Swamit Tannu , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

Rotations have become essential to state-of-the-art quantization pipelines for large language models (LLMs) by effectively smoothing outliers in weights and activations. However, further optimizing the rotation parameters offers only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Liulu He , Shenli Zheng , Karwei Sun , Yijiang Liu , Yufei Zhao , Chongkang Tan , Huanrui Yang , Yuan Du , Li Du

We introduce several probabilistic quantum algorithms that overcome the normal unitary restrictions in quantum machine learning by leveraging the Linear Combination of Unitaries (LCU) method. Among our investigations are quantum native…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Jamie Heredge , Maxwell West , Lloyd Hollenberg , Martin Sevior

Barren Plateaus are a formidable challenge for hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that lead to flat plateaus in the loss function landscape making it difficult to take advantage of the expressive power of parameterized quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Michelle Gelman