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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a versatile set of tasks. A key challenge in accelerating VLMs is storing and accessing the large Key-Value (KV) cache that encodes long visual contexts, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Dezhan Tu , Danylo Vashchilenko , Yuzhe Lu , Panpan Xu

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in visual understanding. This impressive leap raises a compelling question: how can language models, initially trained solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Yunlong Tang , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in visual question answering tasks, but their reliance on large numbers of visual tokens introduces significant computational overhead. While existing efficient VLM approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zichuan Lin , Yicheng Liu , Yang Yang , Lvfang Tao , Deheng Ye

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate exceptional multi-modal capabilities, the quadratic computational cost of processing high-resolution visual tokens remains a critical bottleneck. Though recent token reduction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating responses from diverse visual inputs, including high-resolution images and long video sequences. As these models scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junwan Kim , Hyunkyung Bae

Despite the rapid evolution of training paradigms, the decoder backbone of large vision--language models (LVLMs) remains fundamentally rooted in the residual-connection Transformer architecture. Therefore, deciphering the distinct roles of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gongli Xi , Ye Tian , Mengyu Yang , Huahui Yi , Liang Lin , Xiaoshuai Hao , Kun Wang , Wendong Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are plagued by exorbitant inference costs attributable to the profusion of visual tokens within the vision encoder. The redundant visual tokens engenders a substantial computational load and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

As the computational needs of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) increase, visual token pruning has proven effective in improving inference speed and memory efficiency. Traditional pruning methods in LVLMs predominantly focus on attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Bozhi Luan , Wengang Zhou , Hao Feng , Zhe Wang , Xiaosong Li , Houqiang Li

Most vision-language models (VLMs) apply a large language model (LLM) as the decoder, where the response tokens are generated sequentially through autoregression. Therefore, the number of output tokens can be the bottleneck of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sixun Dong , Juhua Hu , Steven Li , Wei Wen , Qi Qian

Recent advancements in Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable reasoning capabilities and proficiency in generalization. However, processing a large number of visual tokens and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Kai Huang , Hao Zou , Bochen Wang , Ye Xi , Zhen Xie , Hao Wang

Current high-resolution vision-language models encode images as high-resolution image tokens and exhaustively take all these tokens to compute attention, which significantly increases the computational cost. To address this problem, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Junyan Li , Delin Chen , Tianle Cai , Peihao Chen , Yining Hong , Zhenfang Chen , Yikang Shen , Chuang Gan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of LLM inference pose challenges for deployment in…

As vision-language models (VLMs) tackle increasingly complex and multimodal tasks, the rapid growth of Key-Value (KV) cache imposes significant memory and computational bottlenecks during inference. While Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xiaoran Fan , Zhichao Sun , Tao Ji , Lixing Shen , Tao Gui

The visual projector serves as an essential bridge between the visual encoder and the Large Language Model (LLM) in a Multimodal LLM (MLLM). Typically, MLLMs adopt a simple MLP to preserve all visual contexts via one-to-one transformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wentong Li , Yuqian Yuan , Jian Liu , Dongqi Tang , Song Wang , Jie Qin , Jianke Zhu , Lei Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a critical and fast-growing extension of Large Language Models (LLMs) that enable multimodal reasoning through both text and image inputs. Although VLMs enrich the capabilities of language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yingbing Huang , Tharun Adithya Srikrishnan , Steven K. Reinhardt , Deming Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, to mitigate the issue of hallucinations, LLMs often incorporate retrieval-augmented pipeline to provide them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Haowen Hou , Fei Ma , Binwen Bai , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Yu

The proliferation of long-context large language models (LLMs) exposes a key bottleneck: the rapidly expanding key-value cache during decoding, which imposes heavy memory and latency costs. While recent approaches attempt to alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Gang Lin , Dongfang Li , Zhuoen Chen , Yukun Shi , Xuhui Chen , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

In the field of instruction-following large vision-language models (LVLMs), the efficient deployment of these models faces challenges, notably due to the high memory demands of their key-value (KV) caches. Conventional cache management…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Zuyan Liu , Benlin Liu , Jiahui Wang , Yuhao Dong , Guangyi Chen , Yongming Rao , Ranjay Krishna , Jiwen Lu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in vision understanding, reasoning, and interaction. However, the inference computation and memory increase progressively with the generation of output tokens during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Wenxuan Huang , Zijie Zhai , Yunhang Shen , Shaosheng Cao , Fei Zhao , Xiangfeng Xu , Zheyu Ye , Yao Hu , Shaohui Lin

Deploying long-context large language models (LLMs) is essential but poses significant computational and memory challenges. Caching all Key and Value (KV) states across all attention heads consumes substantial memory. Existing KV cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Jingwei Zuo , Junxian Guo , Shang Yang , Haotian Tang , Yao Fu , Song Han