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Various methods for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have been developed with the assumption that agents' policies are based on accurate state information. However, policies learned through Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Songyang Han , Sanbao Su , Sihong He , Shuo Han , Haizhao Yang , Shaofeng Zou , Fei Miao

Standard multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms are vulnerable to sim-to-real gaps. To address this, distributionally robust Markov games (RMGs) have been proposed to enhance robustness in MARL by optimizing the worst-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Laixi Shi , Jingchu Gai , Eric Mazumdar , Yuejie Chi , Adam Wierman

This paper introduces the Minimum Price Markov Game (MPMG), a theoretical model that reasonably approximates real-world first-price markets following the minimum price rule, such as public auctions. The goal is to provide researchers and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Igor Sadoune , Marcelin Joanis , Andrea Lodi

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as a thriving field, explores how multiple agents independently make decisions in a shared dynamic environment. Due to environmental uncertainties, policies in MARL must remain robust to tackle the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Na Li , Zewu Zheng , Wei Ni , Hangguan Shan , Wenjie Zhang , Xinyu Li

We investigate Nash equilibrium learning in a competitive Markov Game (MG) environment, where multiple agents compete, and multiple Nash equilibria can exist. In particular, for an oligopolistic dynamic pricing environment, exact Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Larkin Liu

Large language models (LLMs) integrated with autonomous agents hold significant potential for advancing scientific discovery through automated reasoning and task execution. However, applying LLM agents to drug discovery is still constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kun Li , Zhennan Wu , Shoupeng Wang , Jia Wu , Shirui Pan , Wenbin Hu

We present an agent-based simulator for economic systems with heterogeneous households, firms, central bank, and government agents. These agents interact to define production, consumption, and monetary flow. Each agent type has distinct…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Kshama Dwarakanath , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

Coordinating multiple large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks collaboratively poses a fundamental trade-off between the computation costs and collective performance compared with individual model. We introduce a novel,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yunhao Liang , Yuan Qu , Jingyuan Yang , Shaochong Lin , Zuo-Jun Max Shen

Progress in multiagent intelligence research is fundamentally limited by the number and quality of environments available for study. In recent years, simulated games have become a dominant research platform within reinforcement learning, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Joseph Suarez , Yilun Du , Igor Mordatch , Phillip Isola

PC-Gym is an open-source tool for developing and evaluating reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in chemical process control. It features environments that simulate various chemical processes, incorporating nonlinear dynamics,…

Cybersecurity defense involves interactions between adversarial parties (namely defenders and hackers), making multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) an ideal approach for modeling and learning strategies for these scenarios. This paper…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Qintong Xie , Edward Koh , Xavier Cadet , Peter Chin

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly expected to negotiate, coordinate, and transact autonomously, yet existing benchmarks lack principled settings for evaluating language-mediated economic interaction among multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Xianyang Liu , Shangding Gu , Dawn Song

Interactive large language model (LLM) agents operating via multi-turn dialogue and multi-step tool calling are increasingly used in production. Benchmarks for these agents must both reliably compare models and yield on-policy training…

During initial iterations of training in most Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms, agents perform a significant number of random exploratory steps. In the real world, this can limit the practicality of these algorithms as it can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ashish Kumar Jayant , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Training multi-agent systems (MAS) to achieve realistic equilibria gives us a useful tool to understand and model real-world systems. We consider a general sum partially observable Markov game where agents of different types share a single…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Nelson Vadori , Sumitra Ganesh , Prashant Reddy , Manuela Veloso

We study Nash equilibrium learning in partially observable Markov games (POMGs), a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework in which agents cannot fully observe the underlying state. Prior work in this setting relies on centralization…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Philip Jordan , Maryam Kamgarpour

This paper considers the challenging tasks of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) under partial observability, where each agent only sees her own individual observations and actions that reveal incomplete information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Qinghua Liu , Csaba Szepesvári , Chi Jin

We study offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov games, where the goal is to learn an approximate equilibrium -- such as Nash equilibrium and (Coarse) Correlated Equilibrium -- from an offline dataset pre-collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuheng Zhang , Yu Bai , Nan Jiang

Markov Games (MG) is an important model for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). It was long believed that the "curse of multi-agents" (i.e., the algorithmic performance drops exponentially with the number of agents) is unavoidable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yan Dai , Qiwen Cui , Simon S. Du

This paper considers offline multi-agent reinforcement learning. We propose the strategy-wise concentration principle which directly builds a confidence interval for the joint strategy, in contrast to the point-wise concentration principle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Qiwen Cui , Simon S. Du