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Reinforcement learning algorithms utilizing policy gradients (PG) to optimize Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) face significant challenges with sample inefficiency, hindering their practical applications. This inefficiency stems from two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Yudong Luo , Yangchen Pan , Han Wang , Philip Torr , Pascal Poupart

In economics, insurance and finance, value at risk (VaR) is a widely used measure of the risk of loss on a specific portfolio of financial assets. For a given portfolio, time horizon, and probability $\alpha$, the $100\alpha\%$ VaR is…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-03-15 Raúl Torres , Rosa E. Lillo , Henry Laniado

We consider a liquidation problem in which a risk-averse trader tries to liquidate a fixed quantity of an asset in the presence of market impact and random price fluctuations. The trader encounters a trade-off between the transaction costs…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-01-31 Seungki Min , Ciamac C. Moallemi , Costis Maglaras

We present a unified framework for computing CVA sensitivities, hedging the CVA, and assessing CVA risk, using probabilistic machine learning meant as refined regression tools on simulated data, validatable by low-cost companion Monte Carlo…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-29 Stéphane Crépey , Botao Li , Hoang Nguyen , Bouazza Saadeddine

Optimizing Conditional Value-at-risk (CVaR) using policy gradient (a.k.a CVaR-PG) faces significant challenges of sample inefficiency. This inefficiency stems from the fact that it focuses on tail-end performance and overlooks many sampled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yudong Luo , Erick Delage

In high-stakes machine learning applications, it is crucial to not only perform well on average, but also when restricted to difficult examples. To address this, we consider the problem of training models in a risk-averse manner. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Sebastian Curi , Kfir. Y. Levy , Stefanie Jegelka , Andreas Krause

We propose a risk-averse statistical learning framework wherein the performance of a learning algorithm is evaluated by the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of losses rather than the expected loss. We devise algorithms based on stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Tasuku Soma , Yuichi Yoshida

Volatility is a key measure of risk in financial analysis. The high volatility of one financial asset today could affect the volatility of another asset tomorrow. These lagged effects among volatilities - which we call volatility spillovers…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-08 Luca Barbaglia , Christophe Croux , Ines Wilms

We develop a multi-curve term structure setup in which the modelling ingredients are expressed by rational functionals of Markov processes. We calibrate to LIBOR swaptions data and show that a rational two-factor lognormal multi-curve model…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-02-27 Stephane Crepey , Andrea Macrina , Tuyet Mai Nguyen , David Skovmand

In this paper we estimate the conditional value-at-risk by fitting different multivariate parametric models capturing some stylized facts about multivariate financial time series of equity returns: heavy tails, negative skew, asymmetric…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-24 Michele Leonardo Bianchi , Giovanni De Luca , Giorgia Rivieccio

Operational risk capital estimation under Basel II/III requires quantifying aggregate losses at extreme confidence levels of 99.9% and beyond, yet the standard Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) assumes independence between loss frequency and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Juan Ballesteros Gómez , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán , Pedro Pablo Pérez-Velasco

In this paper we develop a tractable structural model with analytical default probabilities depending on some dynamics parameters, and we show how to calibrate the model using a chosen number of Credit Default Swap (CDS) market quotes. We…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2009-12-17 Damiano Brigo , Marco Tarenghi

We address imbalanced classification, the problem in which a label may have low marginal probability relative to other labels, by weighting losses according to the correct class. First, we examine the convergence rates of the expected…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-28 Ziyu Xu , Chen Dan , Justin Khim , Pradeep Ravikumar

Wildfires significantly impact natural ecosystems and human health, leading to biodiversity loss, increased hydrogeological risks, and elevated emissions of toxic substances. Climate change exacerbates these effects, particularly in regions…

Parameters in climate models are usually calibrated manually, exploiting only small subsets of the available data. This precludes both optimal calibration and quantification of uncertainties. Traditional Bayesian calibration methods that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Oliver R. A. Dunbar , Alfredo Garbuno-Inigo , Tapio Schneider , Andrew M. Stuart

Effective credit risk management is fundamental to financial decision-making, requiring robust models to predict default probabilities and classify financial entities. Traditional machine learning approaches face significant challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Haibo Wang , Jun Huang , Lutfu S. Sua , Figen Balo , Burak Dolar

Risk measures are important key figures to measure the adequacy of the reserves of a company. The most common risk measures in practice are Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR). Recently, quantum-based algorithms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Christian Laudagé , Ivica Turkalj

In this paper we discuss a general methodology to compute the market risk measure over long time horizons and at extreme percentiles, which are the typical conditions needed for estimating Economic Capital. The proposed approach extends the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-08-12 Luca Spadafora , Marco Dubrovich , Marcello Terraneo

Scenario pathways (e.g. for the energy transition) often use a single trajectory or a band. That is not sufficient when one needs to understand why outcomes differ and under what stress or uncertainty they arise. Doing so requires tracking…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Andrew G. Ross

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AV) requires rigorous testing under both everyday driving and rare, safety-critical conditions. A key challenge lies in simulating environment agents, including background vehicles (BVs) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Qiujing Lu , Xuanhan Wang , Runze Yuan , Wei Lu , Xinyi Gong , Shuo Feng