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It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

Existing online benchmarks for mobile GUI agents remain largely app-centric and task-homogeneous, failing to reflect the diversity and instability of real-world mobile usage. To this end, we introduce VenusBench-Mobile, a challenging online…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yichen Gong , Zhuohan Cai , Sunhao Dai , Yuqi Zhou , Zhangxuan Gu , Changhua Meng , Shuheng Shen

Most existing spatial reasoning benchmarks focus on static or globally observable environments, failing to capture the challenges of long-horizon reasoning and memory utilization under partial observability and dynamic changes. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Pukun Zhao , Longxiang Wang , Miaowei Wang , Chen Chen , Fanqing Zhou , Haojian Huang

With the integration of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities is essential for enabling these models to perceive, interpret, and respond to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Lianzhong You , Hongbo Xu , Qianning Wang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Zebang Cheng , Zheng Lian , Yucheng Zhou , Laizhong Cui

As reinforcement learning continues to scale the training of large language model-based agents, reliably verifying agent behaviors in complex environments has become increasingly challenging. Existing approaches rely on rule-based verifiers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wentao Shi , Yu Wang , Yuyang Zhao , Yuxin Chen , Fuli Feng , Xueyuan Hao , Xi Su , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiangnan He

Long-form multimodal video understanding requires integrating vision, speech, and ambient audio with coherent long-range reasoning. Existing benchmarks emphasize either temporal length or multimodal richness, but rarely both and while some…

Users often omit essential details in their requests to LLM-based agents, resulting in under-specified inputs for tool use. This poses a fundamental challenge for tool-augmented agents, as API execution typically requires complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yejin Yoon , Minseo Kim , Taeuk Kim

This benchmark suite provides a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing both individual LLMs and multi-agent systems in Real-world planning and scheduling scenarios. The suite encompasses 14 designed planning and scheduling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Longling Geng , Edward Y. Chang

Personalization is one of the next milestones in advancing AI capability and alignment. We introduce PersonaMem-v2, the state-of-the-art dataset for LLM personalization that simulates 1,000 realistic user-chatbot interactions on 300+…

Large language model (LLM) based agents have recently attracted much attention from the research and industry communities. Compared with original LLMs, LLM-based agents are featured in their self-evolving capability, which is the basis for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Zeyu Zhang , Xiaohe Bo , Chen Ma , Rui Li , Xu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Jieming Zhu , Zhenhua Dong , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate in settings where a single context window is far too small to capture what has happened, what was learned, and what should not be repeated. Memory -- the ability to persist, organize,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pengfei Du

In classical Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), Reward Models (RMs) serve as the fundamental signal provider for model alignment. As Large Language Models evolve into agentic systems capable of autonomous tool invocation and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiaxuan Wang , Yulan Hu , Wenjin Yang , Zheng Pan , Xin Li , Lan-Zhe Guo

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for solving challenging robotic tasks, even in the presence of action and observation uncertainties. Recent LLM-based decision-making methods (also referred to as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Abhinav Jain , Chris Jermaine , Vaibhav Unhelkar

Tool-using agents are increasingly expected to operate across realistic professional workflows, where they must interpret multimodal inputs, coordinate external tools, inspect intermediate artifacts, and revise their actions before…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhiqiang Liu , Wenhui Dong , Yilang Tan , Yuwen Qu , Haochen Yin , Chenyang Si

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in general spatial understanding and reasoning. However, their fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex urban scenarios have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Long Chen , Junhui Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Large language model (LLM) agents are constrained by limited context windows, necessitating external memory systems for long-term information understanding. Current memory-augmented agents typically depend on pre-defined instructions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yu Wang , Ryuichi Takanobu , Zhiqi Liang , Yuzhen Mao , Yuanzhe Hu , Julian McAuley , Xiaojian Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use. However, the fundamental cognitive faculties essential for problem solving, including perception, reasoning, and memory, remain the stable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaozhe Li , Jixuan Chen , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Haodong Duan , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

It is unclear whether strong forecasting performance reflects genuine temporal understanding or the ability to reason under contextual and event-driven conditions. We introduce TemporalBench, a multi-domain benchmark designed to evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muyan Weng , Defu Cao , Wei Yang , Yashaswi Sharma , Yan Liu

VLM-based mobile agents are increasingly popular due to their capabilities to interact with smartphone GUIs and XML-structured texts and to complete daily tasks. However, existing online benchmarks struggle with obtaining stable reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Weikai Xu , Zhizheng Jiang , Yuxuan Liu , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu , Bin Wang , Bo An

This paper presents a benchmark self-evolving framework to dynamically evaluate rapidly advancing Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming for a more accurate assessment of their capabilities and limitations. We utilize a multi-agent system to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Siyuan Wang , Zhuohan Long , Zhihao Fan , Zhongyu Wei , Xuanjing Huang