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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect gravitational waves with periods from several months to several years, e.g. those produced by by wide supermassive black-hole binaries in the centers of distant galaxies. Here we show that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Rutger van Haasteren , Yuri Levin

Radio pulsars allow the study of the ionised interstellar medium and its dispersive effects, a major noise source in gravitational wave searches using pulsars. In this paper, we compare the functionality and reliability of three commonly…

This paper proposes a novel model inference procedure to identify system matrix from a single noisy trajectory over a finite-time interval. The proposed inference procedure comprises an observation data processor, a redundant data processor…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-05 Yanbing Mao , Naira Hovakimyan , Petros Voulgaris , Lui Sha

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Since GWs are anticipated from cosmic strings, PTAs offer a viable approach to testing their existence. We present the results of the first…

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect gravitational waves (GWs) at nHz frequencies. The expected dominant signal is given by the superposition of all waves emitted by the cosmological population of supermassive black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Alberto Sesana

Pulsar timing arrays can detect continuous nanohertz gravitational waves emitted by individual supermassive black hole binaries. The data analysis procedure can be formulated within a time-domain, state-space framework, in which the radio…

Pulsar timing arrays' hint for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) leverages the expectations of a future detection in the millihertz band, particularly with the LISA space mission. However, finding an SGWB with a single…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-12 Nikolaos Karnesis , Quentin Baghi , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Nikiforos Galanis

The wideband timing technique enables the high-precision simultaneous estimation of pulsar Times of Arrival (ToAs) and Dispersion Measures (DMs) while effectively modeling frequency-dependent profile evolution. We present two novel…

Tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling, caused by the jitter of test masses or satellites, is a significant noise source in space-based gravitational wave detection. Calibrating and suppressing TTL coupling noise at the sub-nanometer level is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-05 Xiang Lin , Qi Xia , Peng Qiu , Yurong Liang , Hao Yan

Pulse profile stability in millisecond pulsars (MSPs) is a key factor in achieving high-precision timing essential for detecting nanohertz gravitational waves with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). In this work, we present a systematic analysis…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-17 Ankita Ghosh , Bhaswati Bhattacharyya , Rahul Sharan , Patrick Weltevrede , Jayanta Roy , Sangita Kumari

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) perform Bayesian posterior inference with expensive MCMC methods. Given a dataset of ~10-100 pulsars and O(10^3) timing residuals each, producing a posterior distribution for the stochastic gravitational wave…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-20 David Shih , Marat Freytsis , Stephen R. Taylor , Jeff A. Dror , Nolan Smyth

Spaceborne gravitational-wave observatories utilize a postprocessing technique known as time-delay interferometry (TDI) to reduce the otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise by around 8 orders of magnitude. While, in its traditional…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-11 Kohei Yamamoto , Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Olaf Hartwig

Single pulses preserve information about the pulsar radio emission and propagation in the pulsar magnetosphere, and understanding the behaviour of their variability is essential for estimating the fundamental limit on the achievable pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-21 K. Liu , C. G. Bassa , G. H. Janssen , R. Karuppusamy , J. McKee , M. Kramer , K. J. Lee , D. Perrodin , M. Purver , S. Sanidas , R. Smits , B. W. Stappers , P. Weltevrede , W. W. Zhu

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) will enable the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from a population of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) in the next $\sim 3-7$ years. In addition, PTAs provide a rare opportunity to probe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-12 Xavier Siemens , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Paul T. Baker , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Dustin Madison , Chiara Mingarelli , Joseph Simon , Tristan Smith

Frequency metrology outperforms any other branch of metrology in accuracy (parts in $10^{-16}$) and small fluctuations ($<10^{-17}$). In turn, among celestial bodies, the rotation speed of millisecond pulsars (MSP) is by far the most stable…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-02-04 Siyuan Chen , Francois Vernotte , Enrico Rubiola

Pulsar timing arrays (PTA) have the promise to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from sources which are in a unique frequency range of 10^-9 - 10^-6 Hz. This in turn also provides an opportunity to test the theory of general relativity in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-07 Adrian Boîtier , Shubhanshu Tiwari , Lionel Philippoz , Philippe Jetzer

Propagation effects are one of the main sources of noise in high-precision pulsar timing. For pulsars below an ecliptic latitude of $5^\circ$, the ionised plasma in the solar wind can introduce dispersive delays of order 100 microseconds…

The two interferometric LIGO gravitational-wave observatories provide the most sensitive data to date to study the gravitational-wave Universe. As part of a global network, they have just completed their third observing run in which they…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-24 Gregory Ashton , Sarah Thiele , Yannick Lecoeuche , Jess McIver , Laura K Nuttall
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