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With the progress of sensor technology in wearables, the collection and analysis of PPG signals are gaining more interest. Using Machine Learning, the cardiac rhythm corresponding to PPG signals can be used to predict different tasks such…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-20 Ramin Ghorbani , Marcel J. T. Reinders , David M. J. Tax

The direct expansion of deep neural network (DNN) based wide-band speech enhancement (SE) to full-band processing faces the challenge of low frequency resolution in low frequency range, which would highly likely lead to deteriorated…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Zhongshu Hou , Qinwen Hu , Kai Chen , Jing Lu

We present Masked Frequency Modeling (MFM), a unified frequency-domain-based approach for self-supervised pre-training of visual models. Instead of randomly inserting mask tokens to the input embeddings in the spatial domain, in this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Jiahao Xie , Wei Li , Xiaohang Zhan , Ziwei Liu , Yew Soon Ong , Chen Change Loy

Recent advancements in Deep and Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) have led to substantial improvements in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) performance, reaching unprecedented levels. However, obtaining sufficient amounts of accurately labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Bulat Khaertdinov , Pedro Jeuris , Annanda Sousa , Enrique Hortal

Speech watermarking techniques can proactively mitigate the potential harmful consequences of instant voice cloning techniques. These techniques involve the insertion of signals into speech that are imperceptible to humans but can be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-19 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Jialong Zuo , Minghui Fang , Yifu Chen , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a new architecture following auto regressive models. Their denoising process offers a powerful generative advantage, but they present significant challenges in learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ranfei Chen , Ming Chen

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has shown rapid advances in recent years but still degrades significantly in far-field and noisy environments. The recent development of self-supervised learning (SSL) technology can improve the ASR…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Changfeng Gao , Gaofeng Cheng , Pengyuan Zhang

Masked Image Modelling (MIM) has been shown to be an efficient self-supervised learning (SSL) pre-training paradigm when paired with transformer architectures and in the presence of a large amount of unlabelled natural images. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Alvaro Fernandez-Quilez , Christoffer Gabrielsen Andersen , Trygve Eftestøl , Svein Reidar Kjosavik , Ketil Oppedal

Data hiding is essential for secure communication across digital media, and recent advances in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) provide enhanced methods for embedding secret information effectively. However, previous audio hiding methods often…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Wei Fan , Kejiang Chen , Xiangkun Wang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Benefiting from high capacity for capturing complex temporal patterns, deep learning (DL) has significantly advanced time series forecasting (TSF). However, deep models tend to suffer from severe overfitting due to the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yisong Fu , Zezhi Shao , Chengqing Yu , Yujie Li , Zhulin An , Qi Wang , Yongjun Xu , Fei Wang

Speech production is a complex phenomenon, wherein the brain orchestrates a sequence of processes involving thought processing, motor planning, and the execution of articulatory movements. However, this intricate execution of various…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-06 Shakeel Ahmad Sheikh

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models like Wav2Vec2, HuBERT, and WavLM have been widely used in speech processing. These transformer-based models consist of multiple layers, each capturing different levels of representation. While prior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Xinyu Liang , Fredrik Cumlin , Victor Ungureanu , Chandan K. A. Reddy , Christian Schuldt , Saikat Chatterjee

The trimming scheme with a prefixed cutoff portion is known as a method of improving the robustness of statistical models such as multivariate Gaussian mixture models (MG- MMs) in small scale tests by alleviating the impacts of outliers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Dalei Wu , Haiqing Wu

Most existing text recognition methods are trained on large-scale synthetic datasets due to the scarcity of labeled real-world datasets. Synthetic images, however, cannot faithfully reproduce real-world scenarios, such as uneven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhengmi Tang , Yuto Mitsui , Tomo Miyazaki , Shinichiro Omachi

The rapid evolution of speech synthesis and voice conversion has raised substantial concerns due to the potential misuse of such technology, prompting a pressing need for effective audio deepfake detection mechanisms. Existing detection…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xiaohui Zhang , Jiangyan Yi , Chenglong Wang , Chuyuan Zhang , Siding Zeng , Jianhua Tao

Over the past several years, the synchronization between audio and visual signals has been leveraged to learn richer audio-visual representations. Aided by the large availability of unlabeled videos, many unsupervised training frameworks…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Elvis Nunez , Yanzi Jin , Mohammad Rastegari , Sachin Mehta , Maxwell Horton

Masked language modeling has become a standard pretraining objective for training encoder-based language models. In this approach, certain tokens in the input are masked, and the model learns to predict them using the surrounding context.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gokul Srinivasagan , Kai Hartung , Munir Georges

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) are a potential alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) for language generation, but generation quality depends critically on the generation order. Prior work either hard-codes an ordering (e.g., blockwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chunsan Hong , Sanghyun Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Recent advancements in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) have shown promising results in Speaker Verification (SV). However, narrowing the performance gap with supervised systems remains an ongoing challenge. Several studies have observed that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Victor Miara , Theo Lepage , Reda Dehak

Inspired by the humans' cognitive ability to generalise knowledge and skills, Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) targets at discovering general representations from large-scale data without requiring human annotations, which is an expensive and…