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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP learn a shared embedding space for images and text, yet their representations remain geometrically separated, a phenomenon known as the modality gap. This gap limits tasks requiring cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hongyuan Liu , Qinli Yang , Wen Li , Zhong Zhang , Jiaming Liu , Wei Han , Zhili Qin , Jinxia Guo , Junming Shao

Image captioning is the generation of natural language descriptions of images which have increased immense popularity in the recent past. With this different deep-learning techniques are devised for the development of factual and stylized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Dhruv Sharma , Chhavi Dhiman , Dinesh Kumar

Advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled effective cross-modality retrieval. However, when both text and images exist in the database, similarity scores would differ in scale by modality. This phenomenon, known as the modality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shuhei Yamashita , Daiki Shirafuji , Tatsuhiko Saito

In this paper, we focus on motion discrete tokenization, which converts raw motion into compact discrete tokens--a process proven crucial for efficient motion generation. In this paradigm, increasing the number of tokens is a common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sheng Yan , Yong Wang , Xin Du , Junsong Yuan , Mengyuan Liu

Recently, multimodal contrastive learning (MMCL) approaches, such as CLIP, have achieved a remarkable success in learning representations that are robust against distribution shift and generalize to new domains. Despite the empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yihao Xue , Siddharth Joshi , Dang Nguyen , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance existing motion captioning methods, which directly map representations of movement to high-level descriptive captions (e.g., ``a person doing jumping jacks"). The existing methods require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Clayton Leite , Yu Xiao

Multimodal language analysis often considers relationships between features based on text and those based on acoustical and visual properties. Text features typically outperform non-text features in sentiment analysis or emotion recognition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Zhongkai Sun , Prathusha Sarma , William Sethares , Yingyu Liang

Few-shot image classification remains a critical challenge in the field of computer vision, particularly in data-scarce environments. Existing methods typically rely on pre-trained visual-language models, such as CLIP. However, due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xi Yang , Pai Peng , Wulin Xie , Xiaohuan Lu , Jie Wen

Recent advances in using retrieval components over external knowledge sources have shown impressive results for a variety of downstream tasks in natural language processing. Here, we explore the use of unstructured external knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Shir Gur , Natalia Neverova , Chris Stauffer , Ser-Nam Lim , Douwe Kiela , Austin Reiter

Recent advances in end-to-end video compression have shown promising results owing to their unified end-to-end learning optimization. However, such generalized frameworks often lack content-specific adaptation, leading to suboptimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tiange Zhang , Xiandong Meng , Siwei Ma

Contrastive Language and Image Pairing (CLIP), a transformative method in multimedia retrieval, typically trains two neural networks concurrently to generate joint embeddings for text and image pairs. However, when applied directly, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Konstantin Schall , Kai Uwe Barthel , Nico Hezel , Klaus Jung

Modern tokenizers employ deterministic algorithms to map text into a single "canonical" token sequence, yet the same string can be encoded as many non-canonical tokenizations using the tokenizer vocabulary. In this work, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Brian Siyuan Zheng , Alisa Liu , Orevaoghene Ahia , Jonathan Hayase , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of using pretrained language models (PLM) to improve dense retrieval and multilingual dense retrieval. In this work, we present a simple but effective monolingual pretraining task called…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Ning Wu , Yaobo Liang , Houxing Ren , Linjun Shou , Nan Duan , Ming Gong , Daxin Jiang

Image captioning models require the high-level generalization ability to describe the contents of various images in words. Most existing approaches treat the image-caption pairs equally in their training without considering the differences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Hongkuan Zhang , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa , Lei Zhou , Ryohei Sasano , Koichi Takeda

Existing vision-text contrastive learning like CLIP aims to match the paired image and caption embeddings while pushing others apart, which improves representation transferability and supports zero-shot prediction. However, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Zifeng Wang , Zhenbang Wu , Dinesh Agarwal , Jimeng Sun

We show that bringing intermediate layers' representations of two augmented versions of an image closer together in self-supervised learning helps to improve the momentum contrastive (MoCo) method. To this end, in addition to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Aakash Kaku , Sahana Upadhya , Narges Razavian

Few-shot image classification requires the classifier to robustly cope with unseen classes even if there are only a few samples for each class. Recent advances benefit from the meta-learning process where episodic tasks are formed to train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Da Chen , Yongliang Yang , Zunlei Feng , Xiang Wu , Mingli Song , Wenbin Li , Yuan He , Hui Xue , Feng Mao

Text spotting in natural scene images is of great importance for many image understanding tasks. It includes two sub-tasks: text detection and recognition. In this work, we propose a unified network that simultaneously localizes and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Peng Wang , Hui Li , Chunhua Shen

Most existing text recognition methods are trained on large-scale synthetic datasets due to the scarcity of labeled real-world datasets. Synthetic images, however, cannot faithfully reproduce real-world scenarios, such as uneven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhengmi Tang , Yuto Mitsui , Tomo Miyazaki , Shinichiro Omachi

Despite recent advances in Text-to-Video (T2V) synthesis, generating high-fidelity and dynamic motion remains a significant challenge. Existing methods primarily rely on Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG), often with explicit negative prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Byungjun Kim , Soobin Um , Jong Chul Ye