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Modern NLP tasks increasingly rely on dense retrieval methods to access up-to-date and relevant contextual information. We are motivated by the premise that retrieval benefits from segments that can vary in size such that a content's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 André V. Duarte , João Marques , Miguel Graça , Miguel Freire , Lei Li , Arlindo L. Oliveira

In enterprise settings, efficiently retrieving relevant information from large and complex knowledge bases is essential for operational productivity and informed decision-making. This research presents a systematic empirical framework for…

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for boosting large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks, it often overlooks the crucial aspect of text chunking within its workflow. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jihao Zhao , Zhiyuan Ji , Yuchen Feng , Pengnian Qi , Simin Niu , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has strong potential for producing accurate and factual outputs by combining language models (LMs) with evidence retrieved from large text corpora. However, current pipelines are limited by static…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Xuechen Zhang , Koustava Goswami , Samet Oymak , Jiasi Chen , Nedim Lipka

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a framework to address the constraints of Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet, its effectiveness fundamentally hinges on document chunking - an often-overlooked determinant of its quality.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Samuel Taiwo , Mohd Amaluddin Yusoff

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) struggles on long, structured financial filings where relevant evidence is sparse and cross-referenced. This paper presents a systematic investigation of advanced metadata-driven Retrieval-Augmented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Michail Dadopoulos , Anestis Ladas , Stratos Moschidis , Ioannis Negkakis

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), while serving as a viable complement to large language models (LLMs), often overlooks the crucial aspect of text chunking within its pipeline. This paper initially introduces a dual-metric evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jihao Zhao , Zhiyuan Ji , Zhaoxin Fan , Hanyu Wang , Simin Niu , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

In long, multi-page industrial documents, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) depends heavily on whether chunk boundaries follow the document's true structure. Existing text-centric chunkers and generative hierarchy parsers often miss…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Joongmin Shin , Jeongbae Park , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using large language models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses due to the retrieval of irrelevant or loosely related information. Existing methods, which operate at the document level,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ishneet Sukhvinder Singh , Ritvik Aggarwal , Ibrahim Allahverdiyev , Muhammad Taha , Aslihan Akalin , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the response capabilities of language models by integrating external knowledge sources. However, document chunking as an important part of RAG system often lacks effective evaluation tools. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Wensheng Lu , Keyu Chen , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted paradigm for enhancing the reliability of large language models (LLMs). However, RAG systems are sensitive to retrieval strategies that rely on text chunking to construct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sun Xu , Tongkai Xu , Baiheng Xie , Li Huang , Qiang Gao , Kunpeng Zhang

Industrial part specification extraction from unstructured text remains a persistent challenge in manufacturing, procurement, and maintenance, where manual processing is both time-consuming and error-prone. This paper introduces a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Muzakkiruddin Ahmed Mohammed , John R. Talburt , Leon Claasssens , Adriaan Marais

Enterprise retrieval augmented generation (RAG) offers a highly flexible framework for combining powerful large language models (LLMs) with internal, possibly temporally changing, documents. In RAG, documents are first chunked. Relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven effective in open-domain question answering. However, the chunking process, which is essential to this pipeline, often receives insufficient attention relative to retrieval and synthesis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Zuhong Liu , Charles-Elie Simon , Fabien Caspani

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique used to augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with contextually relevant, time-critical, or domain-specific information without altering the underlying model parameters. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laurent Mombaerts , Terry Ding , Adi Banerjee , Florian Felice , Jonathan Taws , Tarik Borogovac

The effectiveness of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is highly dependent on how documents are chunked, that is, segmented into smaller units for indexing and retrieval. Yet, commonly used "one-size-fits-all" approaches often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Paulo Roberto de Moura Júnior , Jean Lelong , Annabelle Blangero

The effectiveness upper bound of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is fundamentally constrained by the semantic integrity and information granularity of text chunks in its knowledge base. To address these challenges, this paper proposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jihao Zhao , Daixuan Li , Pengfei Li , Shuaishuai Zu , Biao Qin , Hongyan Liu

Current document chunking methods for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) typically linearize text. This forced linearization strips away intrinsic topological hierarchies, creating ``semantic fragmentation'' that degrades downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiaoyu Liu

Organizations increasingly rely on proprietary enterprise data, including HR records, structured reports, and tabular documents, for critical decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong generative capabilities, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chandana Cheerla

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become essential for large-scale code generation, grounding predictions in external code corpora to improve actuality. However, a critical yet underexplored aspect of RAG pipelines is chunking -- the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yilin Zhang , Xinran Zhao , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Chenyang Yang , Jiayi Wei , Tongshuang Wu
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