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The recent trend of large language models (LLMs) is to increase the scale of both model size (\aka the number of parameters) and dataset to achieve better generative ability, which is definitely proved by a lot of work such as the famous…

In education, the capability of generating human-like text of Large Language Models (LLMs) inspired work on how they can increase the efficiency of learning and teaching. We study the affordability of these models for educators and students…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Bianca Raimondi , Saverio Giallorenzo , Maurizio Gabbrielli

Low-resource machine translation remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), which often lack exposure to these languages during pretraining and have limited parallel data for fine-tuning. We propose a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Manuel Mosquera , Melissa Robles , Johan Rodriguez , Ruben Manrique

We study the problem of controlling the difficulty level of text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) for contexts where end-users are not fully proficient, such as language learners. Using a novel framework, we evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ali Malik , Stephen Mayhew , Chris Piech , Klinton Bicknell

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have enabled general-purpose systems to demonstrate promising capabilities in complex reasoning tasks, including those in the medical domain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rafid Ahmed , Intesar Tahmid , Mir Sazzat Hossain , Tasnimul Hossain Tomal , Md Fahim , Md Farhad Alam Bhuiyan

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable human-like capability in various domains and languages. However, a notable quality gap arises in low-resource languages, e.g., Indonesian indigenous languages, rendering them ineffective and…

Language models, characterized by their black-box nature, often hallucinate and display sensitivity to input perturbations, causing concerns about trust. To enhance trust, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Vatsal Gupta , Pranshu Pandya , Tushar Kataria , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

We introduce Gemma 3, a multimodal addition to the Gemma family of lightweight open models, ranging in scale from 1 to 27 billion parameters. This version introduces vision understanding abilities, a wider coverage of languages and longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Gemma Team , Aishwarya Kamath , Johan Ferret , Shreya Pathak , Nino Vieillard , Ramona Merhej , Sarah Perrin , Tatiana Matejovicova , Alexandre Ramé , Morgane Rivière , Louis Rouillard , Thomas Mesnard , Geoffrey Cideron , Jean-bastien Grill , Sabela Ramos , Edouard Yvinec , Michelle Casbon , Etienne Pot , Ivo Penchev , Gaël Liu , Francesco Visin , Kathleen Kenealy , Lucas Beyer , Xiaohai Zhai , Anton Tsitsulin , Robert Busa-Fekete , Alex Feng , Noveen Sachdeva , Benjamin Coleman , Yi Gao , Basil Mustafa , Iain Barr , Emilio Parisotto , David Tian , Matan Eyal , Colin Cherry , Jan-Thorsten Peter , Danila Sinopalnikov , Surya Bhupatiraju , Rishabh Agarwal , Mehran Kazemi , Dan Malkin , Ravin Kumar , David Vilar , Idan Brusilovsky , Jiaming Luo , Andreas Steiner , Abe Friesen , Abhanshu Sharma , Abheesht Sharma , Adi Mayrav Gilady , Adrian Goedeckemeyer , Alaa Saade , Alex Feng , Alexander Kolesnikov , Alexei Bendebury , Alvin Abdagic , Amit Vadi , András György , André Susano Pinto , Anil Das , Ankur Bapna , Antoine Miech , Antoine Yang , Antonia Paterson , Ashish Shenoy , Ayan Chakrabarti , Bilal Piot , Bo Wu , Bobak Shahriari , Bryce Petrini , Charlie Chen , Charline Le Lan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , CJ Carey , Cormac Brick , Daniel Deutsch , Danielle Eisenbud , Dee Cattle , Derek Cheng , Dimitris Paparas , Divyashree Shivakumar Sreepathihalli , Doug Reid , Dustin Tran , Dustin Zelle , Eric Noland , Erwin Huizenga , Eugene Kharitonov , Frederick Liu , Gagik Amirkhanyan , Glenn Cameron , Hadi Hashemi , Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska , Harman Singh , Harsh Mehta , Harshal Tushar Lehri , Hussein Hazimeh , Ian Ballantyne , Idan Szpektor , Ivan Nardini , Jean Pouget-Abadie , Jetha Chan , Joe Stanton , John Wieting , Jonathan Lai , Jordi Orbay , Joseph Fernandez , Josh Newlan , Ju-yeong Ji , Jyotinder Singh , Kat Black , Kathy Yu , Kevin Hui , Kiran Vodrahalli , Klaus Greff , Linhai Qiu , Marcella Valentine , Marina Coelho , Marvin Ritter , Matt Hoffman , Matthew Watson , Mayank Chaturvedi , Michael Moynihan , Min Ma , Nabila Babar , Natasha Noy , Nathan Byrd , Nick Roy , Nikola Momchev , Nilay Chauhan , Noveen Sachdeva , Oskar Bunyan , Pankil Botarda , Paul Caron , Paul Kishan Rubenstein , Phil Culliton , Philipp Schmid , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Pingmei Xu , Piotr Stanczyk , Pouya Tafti , Rakesh Shivanna , Renjie Wu , Renke Pan , Reza Rokni , Rob Willoughby , Rohith Vallu , Ryan Mullins , Sammy Jerome , Sara Smoot , Sertan Girgin , Shariq Iqbal , Shashir Reddy , Shruti Sheth , Siim Põder , Sijal Bhatnagar , Sindhu Raghuram Panyam , Sivan Eiger , Susan Zhang , Tianqi Liu , Trevor Yacovone , Tyler Liechty , Uday Kalra , Utku Evci , Vedant Misra , Vincent Roseberry , Vlad Feinberg , Vlad Kolesnikov , Woohyun Han , Woosuk Kwon , Xi Chen , Yinlam Chow , Yuvein Zhu , Zichuan Wei , Zoltan Egyed , Victor Cotruta , Minh Giang , Phoebe Kirk , Anand Rao , Kat Black , Nabila Babar , Jessica Lo , Erica Moreira , Luiz Gustavo Martins , Omar Sanseviero , Lucas Gonzalez , Zach Gleicher , Tris Warkentin , Vahab Mirrokni , Evan Senter , Eli Collins , Joelle Barral , Zoubin Ghahramani , Raia Hadsell , Yossi Matias , D. Sculley , Slav Petrov , Noah Fiedel , Noam Shazeer , Oriol Vinyals , Jeff Dean , Demis Hassabis , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Clement Farabet , Elena Buchatskaya , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Rohan Anil , Dmitry , Lepikhin , Sebastian Borgeaud , Olivier Bachem , Armand Joulin , Alek Andreev , Cassidy Hardin , Robert Dadashi , Léonard Hussenot

Large language models (LLMs) play a crucial role in software engineering, excelling in tasks like code generation and maintenance. However, existing benchmarks are often narrow in scope, focusing on a specific task and lack a comprehensive…

Recent large language models (LLM) exhibit sub-optimal performance on low-resource languages, as the training data of these models is usually dominated by English and other high-resource languages. Furthermore, it is challenging to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Zoltan Csaki , Pian Pawakapan , Urmish Thakker , Qiantong Xu

Current state-of-the-art models demonstrate capacity to leverage in-context learning to translate into previously unseen language contexts. Tanzer et al. [2024] utilize language materials (e.g. a grammar) to improve translation quality for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jonathan Shaw , Dillon Mee , Timothy Khouw , Zackary Leech , Daniel Wilson

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools for working with natural language, bringing advances in many areas of computational linguistics. However, these models face challenges when applied to low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zhaojun Ding , Zhengliang Liu , Hanqi Jiang , Yizhu Gao , Xiaoming Zhai , Tianming Liu , Ninghao Liu

In this paper, we explore the capabilities of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, Claude 3 Opus, and Gemini 1.0 Ultra in solving undergraduate-level control problems. Controls provides an interesting case study for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Darioush Kevian , Usman Syed , Xingang Guo , Aaron Havens , Geir Dullerud , Peter Seiler , Lianhui Qin , Bin Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable translation capabilities in high-resource language tasks, yet their performance in low-resource languages is hindered by insufficient multilingual data during pre-training. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yinquan Lu , Wenhao Zhu , Lei Li , Yu Qiao , Fei Yuan

Translating Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) remains a critical bottleneck for democratization of data in enterprises. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) like Gemini 2.5 and other LLMs have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Anshul Solanki , Sanchit Latawa , Koushik Chakraborty , Navneet Kamboj

This paper explores the potential of leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for data augmentation in multilingual commonsense reasoning datasets where the available training data is extremely limited. To achieve this, we utilise several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chenxi Whitehouse , Monojit Choudhury , Alham Fikri Aji

Building LLMs for languages other than English is in great demand due to the unavailability and performance of multilingual LLMs, such as understanding the local context. The problem is critical for low-resource languages due to the need…

Reranking is fundamental to information retrieval and retrieval-augmented generation, with recent Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly advancing reranking quality. Most current works rely on large-scale LLMs (>7B parameters),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xianming Li , Aamir Shakir , Rui Huang , Tsz-fung Andrew Lee , Julius Lipp , Benjamin Clavié , Jing Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in multilingual, multicultural settings, yet their reliance on predominantly English-centric training data risks misalignment with the diverse cultural values of different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hari Shankar , Vedanta S P , Sriharini Margapuri , Debjani Mazumder , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Abhijnan Chakraborty

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various domains. However, for clinical diagnosis, higher expectations are required for LLM's reliability and sensitivity: thinking like physicians and remaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Chenwei Yan , Xiangling Fu , Yuxuan Xiong , Tianyi Wang , Siu Cheung Hui , Ji Wu , Xien Liu