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As large language models (LLMs) are employed worldwide, existing evaluation paradigms for their multilingual capabilities primarily focus on factual task performance, neglecting the ability to judge content's deep-level values across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yukun Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Boyi Deng , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Fei Huang , Yuxi Zhou , Baosong Yang , Yiming Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on reasoning benchmarks like math and logic. While many works have largely assumed well-defined tasks, real-world queries are often underspecified and only solvable by acquiring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Belinda Z. Li , Been Kim , Zi Wang

Recently, there has been growing interest in leveraging large language models (LLMs) to generate symbolic world models from textual descriptions. Although LLMs have been extensively explored in the context of world modeling, prior studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mengkang Hu , Tianxing Chen , Yude Zou , Yuheng Lei , Qiguang Chen , Ming Li , Yao Mu , Hongyuan Zhang , Wenqi Shao , Ping Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly used in Question Answering (QA) settings, increasingly in the natural sciences if not science at large. Reliable Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is critical for the trustworthy uptake of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Philip Müller , Nicholas Popovič , Michael Färber , Peter Steinbach

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) has raised serious concerns about their reliability and trustworthiness. As a result, a growing body of research focuses on evidence-based text generation with LLMs, aiming to link…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tobias Schreieder , Tim Schopf , Michael Färber

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Evaluating progress in large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by the challenge of verifying responses, limiting assessments to tasks like mathematics, programming, and short-form question-answering. However, many real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhilin Wang , Jaehun Jung , Ximing Lu , Shizhe Diao , Ellie Evans , Jiaqi Zeng , Pavlo Molchanov , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz , Yi Dong

Open-ended question answering requires models to find appropriate evidence to form wellreasoned, comprehensive and helpful answers. In practical applications, models also need to engage in extended discussions on potential scenarios closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Mingxu Tao , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Large language models (LLMs) often respond even when prompts omit critical details or include misleading information, leading to hallucinations or reinforced misconceptions. We study how to evaluate and improve LLMs' ability to decide when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jiale Zhao , Ke Fang , Lu Cheng

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in medicine is crucial because medical applications require high accuracy with little room for error. Current medical benchmarks have three main types: medical exam-based, comprehensive medical, and…

This paper introduces a novel, multi-source framework for the relational validation of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing benchmarks have demonstrated LLMs' proficiency at factual recall, their ability to understand and reproduce…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Moses Boudourides

Medical question answering (QA) benchmarks often focus on multiple-choice or fact-based tasks, leaving open-ended answers to real patient questions underexplored. This gap is particularly critical in mental health, where patient questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yahan Li , Jifan Yao , John Bosco S. Bunyi , Adam C. Frank , Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang , Ruishan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their remarkable capabilities in performing diverse tasks across various domains. However, a thorough evaluation of these models is crucial before deploying them…

Recently, there has been growing interest in extending the context length of large language models (LLMs), aiming to effectively process long inputs of one turn or conversations with more extensive histories. While proprietary models such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Chenxin An , Shansan Gong , Ming Zhong , Xingjian Zhao , Mukai Li , Jun Zhang , Lingpeng Kong , Xipeng Qiu

Multi-Criteria Decision Making~(MCDM) is widely applied in various fields, using quantitative and qualitative analyses of multiple levels and attributes to support decision makers in making scientific and rational decisions in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hui Wang , Fafa Zhang , Chaoxu Mu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising potential in scientific research, enabling tasks ranging from knowledge retrieval to property prediction. Existing science benchmarks mainly focus on perceptual or knowledge-based tasks,…

Evaluating long-form responses to research queries heavily relies on expert annotators, restricting attention to areas like AI where researchers can conveniently enlist colleagues. Yet, research expertise is abundant: survey articles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Li S. Yifei , Allen Chang , Chaitanya Malaviya , Mark Yatskar

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, prompting researchers to develop diverse evaluation benchmarks. However, most benchmarks typically measure the ability of LLMs to respond to individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutao Hou , Yajing Luo , Zhiwen Ruan , Hongru Wang , Weifeng Ge , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

The paper introduces a framework for the evaluation of the encoding of factual scientific knowledge, designed to streamline the manual evaluation process typically conducted by domain experts. Inferring over and extracting information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Magdalena Wysocka , Oskar Wysocki , Maxime Delmas , Vincent Mutel , Andre Freitas

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various medical benchmarks, but their capabilities across different cognitive levels remain underexplored. Inspired by Bloom's Taxonomy, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yuxuan Zhou , Xien Liu , Chenwei Yan , Chen Ning , Xiao Zhang , Boxun Li , Xiangling Fu , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu , Yu Wang , Ji Wu