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While OCR has been used in various applications, its output is not always accurate, leading to misfit words. This research work focuses on improving the optical character recognition (OCR) with ML techniques with integration of OCR with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Abhishek Bamotra , Phani Krishna Uppala

Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) remains challenging for existing Vision-Language Models (VLMs), especially under complex reasoning and multi-step workflows. Current approaches struggle to decompose intricate questions into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Aymen Lassoued , Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Yousri Kessentini

Assessing ways in which Language Models can reduce their hallucinations and improve the outputs' quality is crucial to ensure their large-scale use. However, methods such as fine-tuning on domain-specific data or the training of a separate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Sara Candussio

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have recently shown strong performance on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tasks, demonstrating their promising capability in document literacy. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhipeng Xu , Junhao Ji , Zulong Chen , Zhenghao Liu , Qing Liu , Chunyi Peng , Zubao Qin , Ze Xu , Jianqiang Wan , Jun Tang , Zhibo Yang , Shuai Bai , Dayiheng Liu

The growing demand for effective tools to parse PDF-formatted texts, particularly structured documents such as textbooks, reveals the limitations of current methods developed mainly for research paper segmentation. This work addresses the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sabine Wehnert , Harikrishnan Changaramkulath , Ernesto William De Luca

Over the past decade, machine learning methods have given us driverless cars, voice recognition, effective web search, and a much better understanding of the human genome. Machine learning is so common today that it is used dozens of times…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Omer Aydin

We introduce WordScape, a novel pipeline for the creation of cross-disciplinary, multilingual corpora comprising millions of pages with annotations for document layout detection. Relating visual and textual items on document pages has…

Existing dense retrieval models struggle with reasoning-intensive retrieval task as they fail to capture implicit relevance that requires reasoning beyond surface-level semantic information. To address these challenges, we propose…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Sangam Lee , Ryang Heo , SeongKu Kang , Dongha Lee

RAG-based QA has emerged as a powerful method for processing long industrial documents. However, conventional text chunking approaches often neglect complex and long industrial document structures, causing information loss and reduced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Joongmin Shin , Chanjun Park , Jeongbae Park , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim

The digitization of historical folkloristic materials presents unique challenges due to diverse text layouts, varying print and handwriting styles, and linguistic variations. This study explores different optical character recognition (OCR)…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Octavian M. Machidon , Alina L. Machidon

Given the ubiquity of handwritten documents in human transactions, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of documents have invaluable practical worth. Optical character recognition is a science that enables to translate various types of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Jamshed Memon , Maira Sami , Rizwan Ahmed Khan

With over 200 million published academic documents and millions of new documents being written each year, academic researchers face the challenge of searching for information within this vast corpus. However, existing retrieval systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Gengchen Wei , Xinle Pang , Tianning Zhang , Yu Sun , Xun Qian , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong , Wanli Ouyang

The creation of systematic literature reviews (SLR) is critical for analyzing the landscape of a research field and guiding future research directions. However, retrieving and filtering the literature corpus for an SLR is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Lucas Joos , Daniel A. Keim , Maximilian T. Fischer

Evaluating modern machine learning models has become prohibitively expensive. Benchmarks such as LMMs-Eval and HELM demand thousands of GPU hours per model. Costly evaluation reduces inclusivity, slows the cycle of innovation, and worsens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Alexander Rubinstein , Benjamin Raible , Martin Gubri , Seong Joon Oh

Document digitization is essential for the digital transformation of our societies, yet a crucial step in the process, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), is still not perfect. Even commercial OCR systems can produce questionable output…

Recent advances in Large Vision-Language models (LVLM) have spurred significant progress in document parsing task. Compared to traditional pipeline-based methods, end-to-end paradigms have shown their excellence in converting PDF images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xiangyang Chen , Shuzhao Li , Xiuwen Zhu , Yongfan Chen , Fan Yang , Cheng Fang , Lin Qu , Xiaoxiao Xu , Hu Wei , Minggang Wu

This paper proposes LayoutLLM, a more flexible document analysis method for understanding imaged documents. Visually Rich Document Understanding tasks, such as document image classification and information extraction, have gained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Masato Fujitake

Document Layout Analysis (DLA) pipelines provide structured page representations for retrieval-augmented generation, long-document question answering, and other document intelligence systems, yet their robustness evaluation remains largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yue Chen , Yihao Wang , Ziyi Tang , Yongsen Zheng , Keze Wang

Understanding documents is central to many real-world tasks but remains a challenging topic. Unfortunately, there is no well-established consensus on how to comprehensively evaluate document understanding abilities, which significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Ruoxi Xu , Hongyu Lin , Xinyan Guan , Xianpei Han , Yingfei Sun , Le Sun

Diagrams are crucial yet underexplored tools in many disciplines, demonstrating the close connection between visual representation and scholarly reasoning. However, their iconic form poses obstacles to visual studies, intermedial analysis,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Carlo Teo Pedretti , Davide Picca , Dario Rodighiero