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Large Language Models face security threats from jailbreak attacks. Existing research has predominantly focused on prompt-level attacks while largely ignoring the underexplored attack surface of user-controlled response prefilling. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yakai Li , Jiekang Hu , Weiduan Sang , Luping Ma , Dongsheng Nie , Weijuan Zhang , Aimin Yu , Yi Su , Qingjia Huang , Qihang Zhou

The security concerns surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively explored, yet the safety of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains understudied. In this paper, we observe that Multimodal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xin Liu , Yichen Zhu , Jindong Gu , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang , Yu Qiao

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, their security remains a pressing concern. One major threat is jailbreak attacks, where adversarial prompts bypass model safeguards to generate harmful or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tiehan Cui , Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Congying Liu , Datao You

Tool learning is widely acknowledged as a foundational approach or deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world scenarios. While current research primarily emphasizes leveraging tools to augment LLMs, it frequently neglects emerging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Junjie Ye , Sixian Li , Guanyu Li , Caishuang Huang , Songyang Gao , Yilong Wu , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMS) have increasingly become central to generating content with potential societal impacts. Notably, these models have demonstrated capabilities for generating content that could be deemed harmful. To mitigate these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Zihao Xu , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Stjepan Picek

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, recent studies show that such alignment is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yinzhi Zhao , Ming Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as co-authors in collaborative writing, where users begin with rough drafts and rely on LLMs to complete, revise, and refine their content. However, this capability poses a serious safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Euntae Kim , Soomin Han , Buru Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce catastrophic responses in conversational settings that pose serious risks to public safety and security. Existing evaluations often fail to fully reveal these vulnerabilities because they rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chengxiao Wang , Isha Chaudhary , Qian Hu , Weitong Ruan , Rahul Gupta , Gagandeep Singh

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in executing complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they are susceptible to jailbreak attacks and can be manipulated to produce harmful outputs. Recently, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zhao Xu , Fan Liu , Hao Liu

Jailbreak attacks cause large language models (LLMs) to generate harmful, unethical, or otherwise objectionable content. Evaluating these attacks presents a number of challenges, which the current collection of benchmarks and evaluation…

Software security vulnerabilities allow attackers to perform malicious activities to disrupt software operations. Recent Transformer-based language models have significantly advanced vulnerability detection, surpassing the capabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Haoye Tian , He Ye , Ruben Martins , Claire Le Goues

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed, ensuring their safe use is paramount. Jailbreaking, adversarial prompts that bypass model alignment to trigger harmful outputs, present significant risks, with existing studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yuan Xin , Dingfan Chen , Linyi Yang , Michael Backes , Xiao Zhang

Current LLM safety benchmarks are predominantly English-centric and often rely on translation, failing to capture country-specific harms. Moreover, they rarely evaluate a model's ability to detect culturally embedded sensitivities as…

Evaluations of large language model (LLM) risks and capabilities are increasingly being incorporated into AI risk management and governance frameworks. Currently, most risk evaluations are conducted by designing inputs that elicit harmful…

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is primarily evaluated under open-ended generation, where models can mitigate risk by refusing to respond. In contrast, many real-world applications place LLMs in structured decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuheng Chen , Zhiyu Wu , Bowen Cheng , Tetsuro Takahashi

Jailbreaking in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a major security concern as it can deceive LLMs to generate harmful text. Yet, there is still insufficient understanding of how jailbreaking works, which makes it hard to develop effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Lang Gao , Jiahui Geng , Xiangliang Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Xiuying Chen

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing scientific research, yet its growing integration into laboratory environments presents critical safety challenges. Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) now assist in…

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into electronic design automation (EDA) workflows has introduced powerful capabilities for RTL generation, verification, and design optimization, but also raises critical security concerns.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeng Wang , Minghao Shao , Weimin Fu , Prithwish Basu Roy , Xiaolong Guo , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks but also pose significant risks of generating harmful content, particularly through jailbreak attacks. Jailbreak attacks refer to intentional manipulations that bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yi Nian , Shenzhe Zhu , Yuehan Qin , Li Li , Ziyi Wang , Chaowei Xiao , Yue Zhao