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Large language model (LLM)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) has recently attracted a lot of attention due to its high recognition accuracy and enhanced multi-dialect support. However, the high decoding latency of LLMs challenges the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Linye Wei , Shuzhang Zhong , Songqiang Xu , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation (Simul-S2ST, a.k.a streaming speech translation) outputs target speech while receiving streaming speech inputs, which is critical for real-time communication. Beyond accomplishing translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Shaolei Zhang , Qingkai Fang , Shoutao Guo , Zhengrui Ma , Min Zhang , Yang Feng

Should LLM reasoning live in a separate module, or within a single model's forward pass and representational space? We study dual-architecture latent reasoning, where a fluent Base exchanges latent messages with a Coprocessor, and test two…

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) with discrete units leverages recent progress in speech representation learning. Specifically, a sequence of discrete representations derived in a self-supervised manner are predicted from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Rongjie Huang , Jinglin Liu , Huadai Liu , Yi Ren , Lichao Zhang , Jinzheng He , Zhou Zhao

This letter presents an incremental text-to-speech (TTS) method that performs synthesis in small linguistic units while maintaining the naturalness of output speech. Incremental TTS is generally subject to a trade-off between latency and…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Takaaki Saeki , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Hiroshi Saruwatari

In the cascaded approach to spoken language translation (SLT), the ASR output is typically punctuated and segmented into sentences before being passed to MT, since the latter is typically trained on written text. However, erroneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Sukanta Sen , Ondřej Bojar , Barry Haddow

Using end-to-end models for speech translation (ST) has increasingly been the focus of the ST community. These models condense the previously cascaded systems by directly converting sound waves into translated text. However, cascaded models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Orion Weller , Matthias Sperber , Christian Gollan , Joris Kluivers

Multi-hop retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising strategy for complex reasoning, yet existing iterative prompting approaches remain inefficient. They often regenerate predictable token sequences at every step and rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Jihwan Bang , Juntae Lee , Seunghan Yang , Sungha Choi

This work proposes GLM-TTS, a production-level TTS system designed for efficiency, controllability, and high-fidelity speech generation. GLM-TTS follows a two-stage architecture, consisting of a text-to-token autoregressive model and a…

Sequence-to-sequence (S2S) modeling is becoming a popular paradigm for automatic speech recognition (ASR) because of its ability to jointly optimize all the conventional ASR components in an end-to-end (E2E) fashion. This report…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-30 Aswin Shanmugam Subramanian , Xiaofei Wang , Shinji Watanabe , Toru Taniguchi , Dung Tran , Yuya Fujita

In neural text-to-speech (TTS), two-stage system or a cascade of separately learned models have shown synthesis quality close to human speech. For example, FastSpeech2 transforms an input text to a mel-spectrogram and then HiFi-GAN…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Dan Lim , Sunghee Jung , Eesung Kim

While flow-matching text-to-speech (TTS) achieves strong zero-shot speaker similarity and naturalness, it remains susceptible to content fidelity issues, particularly skip and repeat errors from imperfect alignment. We propose…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jinhyeok Yang , Hyeongju Kim , Yechan Yu , Joon Byun , Frederik Bous , Juheon Lee

Zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) has recently advanced significantly, enabling models to synthesize speech from text using short, limited-context prompts. These prompts serve as voice exemplars, allowing the model to mimic speaker identity,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hieu-Nghia Huynh-Nguyen , Huynh Nguyen Dang , Ngoc-Son Nguyen , Van Nguyen

Unlike traditional cascaded pipelines, end-to-end (E2E) spoken dialogue systems preserve full differentiability and capture non-phonemic information, making them well-suited for modeling spoken interactions. However, existing E2E approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siddhant Arora , Jinchuan Tian , Hayato Futami , Jee-weon Jung , Jiatong Shi , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Emiru Tsunoo , Shinji Watanabe

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Text-to-Speech (TTS) has recently seen great progress in synthesizing high-quality speech owing to the rapid development of parallel TTS systems, but producing speech with naturalistic prosodic variations, speaking styles and emotional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Yinghao Aaron Li , Cong Han , Nima Mesgarani

This paper proposes a voice conversion (VC) method using sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq or S2S) learning, which flexibly converts not only the voice characteristics but also the pitch contour and duration of input speech. The proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Hirokazu Kameoka , Kou Tanaka , Damian Kwasny , Takuhiro Kaneko , Nobukatsu Hojo

Text-speech joint spoken language modeling (SLM) aims at natural and intelligent speech-based interactions, but developing such a system may suffer from modality mismatch: speech unit sequences are much longer than text tokens. Prior work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Hung-yi Lee

Consistency regularization has recently been applied to semi-supervised sequence-to-sequence (S2S) automatic speech recognition (ASR). This principle encourages an ASR model to output similar predictions for the same input speech with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Heli Qi , Sashi Novitasari , Sakriani Sakti , Satoshi Nakamura

Full-duplex speech interaction, as the most natural and intuitive mode of human communication, is driving artificial intelligence toward more human-like conversational systems. Traditional cascaded speech processing pipelines suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yadong Li , Guoxin Wu , Haiping Hou , Biye Li