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We consider the problem of accurate sparse fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), that is, fine-tuning pretrained LLMs on specialized tasks, while inducing sparsity in their weights. On the accuracy side, we observe that standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Eldar Kurtic , Denis Kuznedelev , Elias Frantar , Michael Goin , Dan Alistarh

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP), but their size creates computational bottlenecks. We introduce a novel approach to create accurate, sparse foundational versions of performant LLMs that…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of language processing tasks. However, this success comes at the cost of substantial computation and memory requirements, which significantly impedes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Fen-Yu Hsieh , Yun-Chang Teng , Ding-Yong Hong , Jan-Jan Wu

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on end-user devices is gaining importance due to benefits in responsiveness, privacy, and operational cost. Yet the limited memory and compute capability of mobile and desktop GPUs make efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Rongxiang Wang , Kangyuan Shu , Felix Xiaozhu Lin

Structured sparsity enables deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained systems. Approaches like dense-to-sparse fine-tuning are particularly compelling, achieving remarkable structured sparsity by reducing the model size…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Marc Dietrich , Jeronimo Castrillon , Asif Ali Khan

Large Transformer models yield impressive results on many tasks, but are expensive to train, or even fine-tune, and so slow at decoding that their use and study becomes out of reach. We address this problem by leveraging sparsity. We study…

As large language models (LLMs) grow in size, efficient compression techniques like quantization and sparsification are critical. While quantization maintains performance with reduced precision, structured sparsity methods, such as N:M…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Egor Maximov , Yulia Kuzkina , Azamat Kanametov , Alexander Prutko , Aleksei Goncharov , Maxim Zhelnin , Egor Shvetsov

Fine-tuning LLMs is both computationally and memory-intensive. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as QLoRA and DoRA, reduce the number of trainable parameters and lower memory usage, they do not decrease computational cost.…

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) are comprised of billions of parameters arranged in deep and wide computational graphs. Several studies on LLM efficiency optimization argue that it is possible to prune a significant portion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Corentin Kervadec , Iuliia Lysova , Marco Baroni , Gemma Boleda

State-of-the-art results in large language models (LLMs) often rely on scale, which becomes computationally expensive. This has sparked a research agenda to reduce these models' parameter counts and computational costs without significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Xiuying Wei , Skander Moalla , Razvan Pascanu , Caglar Gulcehre

The transformative impact of large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA and GPT on natural language processing is countered by their prohibitive computational demands. Pruning has emerged as a pivotal compression strategy, introducing sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Guangji Bai , Yijiang Li , Chen Ling , Kibaek Kim , Liang Zhao

Contextual sparsity is one of the approaches used to reduce computational complexity in the inference process of large language models (LLMs). Existing techniques for efficient LLM inference acceleration based on contextual sparsity with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Georgii Serbin , Kirill Koshkin , Zhongao Sun , Anastasiya Bistrigova , C. C. Korikov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success with their billion-level parameters, yet they incur high inference overheads. The emergence of activation sparsity in LLMs provides a natural approach to reduce this cost by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Haizhong Zheng , Xiaoyan Bai , Xueshen Liu , Z. Morley Mao , Beidi Chen , Fan Lai , Atul Prakash

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong capabilities but incur high inference costs due to dense computation and memory access. Training-free activation sparsity is a promising approach for efficient LLM inference, yet existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lei Chen , Yuan Meng , Xiaoyu Zhan , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Large language model (LLM) training and finetuning are often bottlenecked by limited GPU memory. While existing projection-based optimization methods address this by projecting gradients into a lower-dimensional subspace to reduce optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Aashiq Muhamed , Oscar Li , David Woodruff , Mona Diab , Virginia Smith

Deploying local AI models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), to edge devices can substantially enhance devices' independent capabilities, alleviate the server's burden, and lower the response time. Owing to these tremendous potentials,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Nobel Dhar , Bobin Deng , Md Romyull Islam , Kazi Fahim Ahmad Nasif , Liang Zhao , Kun Suo

The energy consumption of large-scale ML models is dominated by data movement, shuffling billions of parameters across memory hierarchies and data centers. Sparsification offers a principled way to mitigate these costs by pruning redundant…

Fully finetuning foundation language models (LMs) with billions of parameters is often impractical due to high computational costs, memory requirements, and the risk of overfitting. Although methods like low-rank adapters help address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jonathan Svirsky , Yehonathan Refael , Ofir Lindenbaum

Large Language Models (LLMs), while demonstrating remarkable capabilities across various applications, present significant challenges during inference due to their substantial model size, especially when deployed on edge devices. Activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhenyu Zhang , Zechun Liu , Yuandong Tian , Harshit Khaitan , Zhangyang Wang , Steven Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in various tasks, such as text summarization, text question-answering, and etc. While their performance is impressive, the computational footprint due to their vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Peng Xu , Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Shitao Tang , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Fengwei An , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo
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