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A range of studies have concluded that neural word prediction models can distinguish grammatical from ungrammatical sentences with high accuracy. However, these studies are based primarily on monolingual evidence from English. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Aaron Mueller , Garrett Nicolai , Panayiota Petrou-Zeniou , Natalia Talmina , Tal Linzen

Despite notable advances in large language models (LLMs), reliable evaluation of text generation tasks such as text style transfer (TST) remains an open challenge. Existing research has shown that automatic metrics often correlate poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Vitaly Protasov , Nikolay Babakov , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Panchenko

This paper investigates whether Large Language Models (LLMs), fine-tuned on synthetic but domain-representative data, can perform the twofold task of (i) slot and intent detection and (ii) natural language response generation for a smart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Rune Birkmose , Nathan Mørkeberg Reece , Esben Hofstedt Norvin , Johannes Bjerva , Mike Zhang

While multilingual language models (MLMs) have been trained on 100+ languages, they are typically only evaluated across a handful of them due to a lack of available test data in most languages. This is particularly problematic when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Rochelle Choenni , Sara Rajaee , Christof Monz , Ekaterina Shutova

Classification aids software development activities by organizing requirements in classes for easier access and retrieval. The majority of requirements classification research has, so far, focused on binary or multi-class classification.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Waleed Abdeen , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Krzysztof Wnuk , Alexandros Chirtoglou , Christoph Schimanski , Heja Goli

Multilingual benchmarks guide the development of frontier models. Yet multilingual evaluations reported by frontier models are structured similar to popular reasoning and knowledge benchmarks, but across many languages. We show such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ronald Skorobogat , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a transformative interface for Web3, yet existing benchmarks fail to capture the complexity of translating high-level user intents into functionally correct, state-dependent on-chain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Zhuoran Pan , Yue Li , Zhi Guan , Jianbin Hu , Zhong Chen

Despite cross-lingual generalization demonstrated by pre-trained multilingual models, the translate-train paradigm of transferring English datasets across multiple languages remains to be a key mechanism for training task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Abhijeet Awasthi , Nitish Gupta , Bidisha Samanta , Shachi Dave , Sunita Sarawagi , Partha Talukdar

Traditionally, success in multilingual machine translation can be attributed to three key factors in training data: large volume, diverse translation directions, and high quality. In the current practice of fine-tuning large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dawei Zhu , Pinzhen Chen , Miaoran Zhang , Barry Haddow , Xiaoyu Shen , Dietrich Klakow

Advances in neural modeling have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) results on public natural language processing (NLP) benchmarks, at times surpassing human performance. However, there is a gap between public benchmarks and real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Asa Cooper Stickland , Sailik Sengupta , Jason Krone , Saab Mansour , He He

High-quality multilingual training data is essential for effectively pretraining large language models (LLMs). Yet, the availability of suitable open-source multilingual datasets remains limited. Existing state-of-the-art datasets mostly…

Large Language Models (LLMs) now serve as the foundation for a wide range of applications, from conversational assistants to decision support tools, making the issue of fairness in their results increasingly important. Previous studies have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Alessandra Parziale , Gianmario Voria , Valeria Pontillo , Andrea De Lucia , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba

In this work, we introduce X-FACT: the largest publicly available multilingual dataset for factual verification of naturally existing real-world claims. The dataset contains short statements in 25 languages and is labeled for veracity by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Ashim Gupta , Vivek Srikumar

Results reported in large-scale multilingual evaluations are often fragmented and confounded by factors such as target languages, differences in experimental setups, and model choices. We propose a framework that disentangles these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Songbo Hu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Data contamination undermines the validity of Large Language Model evaluation by enabling models to rely on memorized benchmark content rather than true generalization. While prior work has proposed contamination detection methods, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Chaymaa Abbas , Nour Shamaa , Mariette Awad

Entity linking has recently been the subject of a significant body of research. Currently, the best performing approaches rely on trained mono-lingual models. Porting these approaches to other languages is consequently a difficult endeavor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Diego Moussallem , Ricardo Usbeck , Michael Röder , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in multimodal reasoning. However, existing benchmarks remain limited in terms of high-quality, human-verified examples. Many current datasets rely on synthetically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Patrick Haller , Fabio Barth , Jonas Golde , Georg Rehm , Alan Akbik

Multilingual evaluation benchmarks usually contain limited high-resource languages and do not test models for specific linguistic capabilities. CheckList is a template-based evaluation approach that tests models for specific capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Karthikeyan K , Shaily Bhatt , Pankaj Singh , Somak Aditya , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Classification is a core NLP task architecture with many potential applications. While large language models (LLMs) have brought substantial advancements in text generation, their potential for enhancing classification tasks remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Qian Ruan , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

Understanding and being able to react to customer feedback is the most fundamental task in providing good customer service. However, there are two major obstacles for international companies to automatically detect the meaning of customer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Chao-Hong Liu , Declan Groves , Akira Hayakawa , Alberto Poncelas , Qun Liu