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This report presents a real-world case study demonstrating how prompt injection can attack large language model platforms such as ChatGPT according to a proposed injection framework. By providing three real-world examples, we show how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xiangyu Chang , Guang Dai , Hao Di , Haishan Ye

The mean time between failures (MTBF) of HPC systems is rapidly reducing, and that current failure recovery mechanisms e.g., checkpoint-restart, will no longer be able to recover the systems from failures. Early failure detection is a new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Siavash Ghiasvand , Florina M. Ciorba , Wolfgang E. Nagel

Machine learning models have achieved great success in supervised learning tasks for end-to-end training, which requires a large amount of labeled data that is not always feasible. Recently, many practitioners have shifted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yiwei Lu , Matthew Y. R. Yang , Gautam Kamath , Yaoliang Yu

Precise future human motion prediction over sub-second horizons from past observations is crucial for various safety-critical applications. To date, only a few studies have examined the vulnerability of skeleton-based neural networks to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Chaohui Xu , Si Wang , Chip-Hong Chang

AI-agent guardrails are memoryless: each message is judged in isolation, so an adversary who spreads a single attack across dozens of sessions slips past every session-bound detector because only the aggregate carries the payload. We make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ari Azarafrooz

AI agents promise to serve as general-purpose personal assistants for their users, which requires them to have access to private user data (e.g., personal and financial information). This poses a serious risk to security and privacy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Robert Stanley , Avi Verma , Lillian Tsai , Konstantinos Kallas , Sam Kumar

Machine learning has been widely applied in wireless communications. However, the security aspects of machine learning in wireless applications have not been well understood yet. We consider the case that a cognitive transmitter senses the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Yi Shi , Tugba Erpek , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Jason H. Li

Backdoor attacks are a kind of emergent security threat in deep learning. After being injected with a backdoor, a deep neural model will behave normally on standard inputs but give adversary-specified predictions once the input contains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yangyi Chen , Fanchao Qi , Hongcheng Gao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The rise in popularity of text-to-image generative artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted widespread public interest. We demonstrate that this technology can be attacked to generate content that subtly manipulates its users. We propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to conduct complex tasks by interacting with external tools, APIs, and memory stores. However, processing untrusted external data exposes these agents to severe security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuandao Cai , Wensheng Tang , Cheng Wen , Shengchao Qin

Outsourced training and machine learning as a service have resulted in novel attack vectors like backdoor attacks. Such attacks embed a secret functionality in a neural network activated when the trigger is added to its input. In most works…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Stefanos Koffas , Stjepan Picek , Mauro Conti

As the curation of data for machine learning becomes increasingly automated, dataset tampering is a mounting threat. Backdoor attackers tamper with training data to embed a vulnerability in models that are trained on that data. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Hossein Souri , Liam Fowl , Rama Chellappa , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

Language models remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks despite extensive safety training. We trace this failure to role confusion: models infer the source of text based on how it sounds, not where it actually comes from. A command…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Charles Ye , Jasmine Cui , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

In recent years, insider threats and attacks have been increasing in terms of frequency and cost to the corporate business. The utilization of end-to-end encrypted instant messaging applications (WhatsApp, Telegram, VPN) by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Janardhan Kalikiri , Gaurav Varshney , Jaswinder Kour , Tarandeep Singh

We demonstrate how AI-powered cybersecurity tools can be turned against themselves through prompt injection attacks. Prompt injection is reminiscent of cross-site scripting (XSS): malicious text is hidden within seemingly trusted content,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Víctor Mayoral-Vilches , Per Mannermaa Rynning

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) are transforming personal productivity by autonomously executing complex, cross-platform tasks. Frameworks such as OpenClaw demonstrate the potential of locally deployed agents integrated with personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haoyu Wang , Zibo Xiao , Yedi Zhang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

To improve efficiency, nearly all parallel processing units (CPUs and GPUs) implement relaxed memory models in which memory operations may be re-ordered, i.e., executed out-of-order. Prior testing work in this area found that memory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Sean Siddens , Sanya Srivastava , Reese Levine , Josiah Dykstra , Tyler Sorensen

Nowadays, wearable devices can continuously lifelog ambient conversations, creating substantial opportunities for memory systems. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on online one-on-one chatting or human-AI interactions, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jianjie Zheng , Zhichen Liu , Zhanyu Shen , Jingxiang Qu , Guanhua Chen , Yile Wang , Yang Xu , Yang Liu , Sijie Cheng

High-latency anonymous communication systems prevent passive eavesdroppers from inferring communicating partners with certainty. However, disclosure attacks allow an adversary to recover users' behavioral profiles when communications are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Simon Oya , Carmela Troncoso , Fernando Pérez-González

OpenClaw, the most widely deployed personal AI agent in early 2026, operates with full local system access and integrates with sensitive services such as Gmail, Stripe, and the filesystem. While these broad privileges enable high levels of…