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AI agents that interact with users across multiple sessions require persistent long-term memory to maintain coherent, personalized behavior. Current approaches either rely on flat retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), which loses structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Swarna Kamal Paul , Shubhendu Sharma , Nitin Sareen

Multi-agent systems built on Large Language Models (LLMs) show exceptional promise for complex collaborative problem-solving, yet they face fundamental challenges stemming from context window limitations that impair memory consistency, role…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sizhe Yuen , Francisco Gomez Medina , Ting Su , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

We present a controlled study of multi-hop contextual reasoning in large language models, providing a clean demonstration of the task-method dissociation: rule-based pattern matching achieves 100% success on structured information retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Brady Steele , Micah Katz

We study how to endow GUI agents with scalable memory that help generalize across unfamiliar interfaces and long-horizon tasks. Prior GUI agents compress past trajectories into text tokens, which balloons context length and misses decisive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Wenyi Wu , Kun Zhou , Ruoxin Yuan , Vivian Yu , Stephen Wang , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

Much research on LLMs has focused on increasing benchmark performance. However, the evaluation of such models in real-world collaborative human-AI workflows has stayed behind. This work evaluates a chatbot-style assistant based on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lennard C. Froma , Tom Kouwenhoven , Maaike H. T. de Boer , Catholijn M. Jonker , Max J. van Duijn

Reasoning models have gained significant attention due to their strong performance, particularly when enhanced with retrieval augmentation. However, these models often incur high computational costs, as both retrieval and reasoning tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Helia Hashemi , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

Memory-augmented LLM agents offer an appealing shortcut to continual learning: rather than updating model parameters, they accumulate experience in external memory, seemingly sidestepping the stability-plasticity dilemma of parametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qisheng Hu , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang

Memory data are ubiquitous in Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents (e.g., OpenClaw and Manus). A few recent works have attempted to exploit agents'memory for improving their performance on the question-answering (QA) task, but they lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiawei Yu , Yixiang Fang , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a crucial challenge from fixed context windows and inadequate memory management, leading to a severe shortage of long-term memory capabilities and limited personalization in the interactive experience with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiazheng Kang , Mingming Ji , Zhe Zhao , Ting Bai

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in user-facing applications require long-horizon consistency: the ability to remember prior interactions, respect user preferences, and ground reasoning in past events. However, contemporary memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daivik Patel , Shrenik Patel

People have to remember an ever-expanding volume of information. Wearables that use information capture and retrieval for memory augmentation can help but can be disruptive and cumbersome in real-world tasks, such as in social settings. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wazeer Zulfikar , Samantha Chan , Pattie Maes

The rise of AI-native Low-Code/No-Code (LCNC) platforms enables autonomous agents capable of executing complex, long-duration business processes. However, a fundamental challenge remains: memory management. As agents operate over extended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jiexi Xu

Memory plays a pivotal role in enabling large language model~(LLM)-based agents to engage in complex and long-term interactions, such as question answering (QA) and dialogue systems. While various memory modules have been proposed for these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Ruihong Zeng , Jinyuan Fang , Siwei Liu , Zaiqiao Meng

Long-term memory is one of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LLM Agents). Incorporating a memory mechanism that effectively integrates past interactions can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoran Sun , Shaoning Zeng

LLM-based conversational AI agents struggle to maintain coherent behavior over long horizons due to limited context. While RAG-based approaches are increasingly adopted to overcome this limitation by storing interactions in external memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jiazhou Liang , Armin Toroghi , Yifan Simon Liu , Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Liam Gallagher , Scott Sanner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of NLP tasks, but they remain fundamentally stateless, constrained by limited context windows that hinder long-horizon reasoning. Recent efforts to…

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate remarkable collective intelligence, wherein multi-agent memory serves as a pivotal mechanism for continual adaptation. However, existing multi-agent memory designs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muxin Fu , Xiangyuan Xue , Yafu Li , Zefeng He , Siyuan Huang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng , Yang Yang

In multi-session dialog system, it is essential to continuously update the memory as the session progresses. Simply accumulating memory can make it difficult to focus on the content of the conversation for inference due to the limited input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Youngkyung Seo , Yoonseok Heo , Jun-Seok Koh , Du-Seong Chang

As conversational AI systems become popular for information retrieval and question-answering, the references they cite are key to ensuring their answers are reliable and trustworthy. Yet, no prior work systematically analyzes how these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jianheng Ouyang , Arpit Narechania

Large Language Model (LLM) agents require persistent memory to maintain personalization, factual continuity, and long-horizon reasoning, yet standard context-window and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines degrade over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shu Wang , Edwin Yu , Oscar Love , Tom Zhang , Tom Wong , Steve Scargall , Charles Fan