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As large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in tasks with ethical and societal stakes, a critical question arises: do they exhibit an emergent "moral mind" - a consistent structure of moral preferences guiding their decisions -…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Avner Seror

Making moral judgments is an essential step toward developing ethical AI systems. Prevalent approaches are mostly implemented in a bottom-up manner, which uses a large set of annotated data to train models based on crowd-sourced opinions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jingyan Zhou , Minda Hu , Junan Li , Xiaoying Zhang , Xixin Wu , Irwin King , Helen Meng

This study establishes a novel framework for systematically evaluating the moral reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) as they increasingly integrate into critical societal domains. Current assessment methodologies lack the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Abhejay Murali , Kevin Chen , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in morally sensitive decision-making, yet how they organize ethical frameworks across reasoning steps remains underexplored. We introduce \textit{moral reasoning trajectories}, sequences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Fan Huang , Haewoon Kwak , Jisun An

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human decision-making and behaviour. Ensuring LLM processing of moral meaning therefore has become a critical challenge. Current approaches rely predominantly on bottom-up methods such as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-27 Gunter Bombaerts , Bram Delisse , Uzay Kaymak

Moral competence is the ability to act in accordance with moral principles. As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in situations demanding moral competence, there is increasing interest in evaluating this ability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Daniel Kilov , Caroline Hendy , Secil Yanik Guyot , Aaron J. Snoswell , Seth Lazar

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for a myriad of applications, from natural language processing to decision-making support systems. However, as these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jianchao Ji , Yutong Chen , Mingyu Jin , Wujiang Xu , Wenyue Hua , Yongfeng Zhang

The conceptual framework proposed in this paper centers on the development of a deliberative moral reasoning system - one designed to process complex moral situations by generating, filtering, and weighing normative arguments drawn from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-13 David-Doron Yaacov

Large language models are increasingly influencing human moral decisions, yet current approaches focus primarily on evaluating rather than actively steering their moral decisions. We formulate this as an out-of-distribution moral alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhiyu An , Wan Du

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in high-stakes decision-making, a central societal debate has revolved around which moral frameworks-deontological or utilitarian-should guide machine behavior. However, a largely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Pengzhao Lyu , Yeun Joon Kim , Yingyue Luna Luan , Jungmin Choi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in domains requiring moral understanding, yet their reasoning often remains shallow, and misaligned with human reasoning. Unlike humans, whose moral reasoning integrates contextual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mohna Chakraborty , Lu Wang , David Jurgens

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual and multicultural environments where moral reasoning is essential for generating ethically appropriate responses. Yet, the dominant pretraining of LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sualeha Farid , Jayden Lin , Zean Chen , Shivani Kumar , David Jurgens

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal in various domains due the recent advancements in their performance capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding biases in LLMs, including gender, racial, and cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mijntje Meijer , Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

Are AI systems truly representing human values, or merely averaging across them? Our study suggests a concerning reality: Large Language Models (LLMs) fail to represent diverse cultural moral frameworks despite their linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Simon Münker

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly incorporated into everyday life for many internet users, taking on significant roles as advice givers in the domains of medicine, personal relationships, and even legal matters. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Nicole Smith-Vaniz , Harper Lyon , Lorraine Steigner , Ben Armstrong , Nicholas Mattei

People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) for everyday moral and interpersonal guidance, yet these systems cannot interrogate missing context and judge dilemmas as presented. We introduce a perturbation framework for testing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Tom van Nuenen , Pratik S. Sachdeva

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate into our daily lives, it becomes crucial to understand their implicit biases and moral tendencies. To address this, we introduce a Moral Foundations LLM dataset (MFD-LLM) grounded in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Monika Jotautaite , Mary Phuong , Chatrik Singh Mangat , Maria Angelica Martinez

Increasing interest in ensuring the safety of next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems calls for novel approaches to embedding morality into autonomous agents. This goal differs qualitatively from traditional task-specific AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at a pace that raises urgent questions about how to align machine decision-making with human moral values. This working paper investigates how leading AI systems prioritize moral outcomes and what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Eoin O'Doherty , Nicole Weinrauch , Andrew Talone , Uri Klempner , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Yi Zeng

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in consequential decision-making contexts, systematically assessing their ethical reasoning capabilities becomes a critical imperative. This paper introduces the Priorities in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chad Coleman , W. Russell Neuman , Ali Dasdan , Safinah Ali , Manan Shah
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