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A primary concern regarding training large language models (LLMs) is whether they abuse copyrighted online text. With the increasing training data scale and the prevalence of LLMs in daily lives, two problems arise: \textbf{1)} false…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Shuai Zhao , Linchao Zhu , Ruijie Quan , Yi Yang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled them to overcome their context window limitations, and demonstrate exceptional retrieval and reasoning capacities on longer context. Quesion-answering systems augmented with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zixiong Wang , Gaoyang Liu , Yang Yang , Chen Wang

NLP benchmarks rely on standardized datasets for training and evaluating models and are crucial for advancing the field. Traditionally, expert annotations ensure high-quality labels; however, the cost of expert annotation does not scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Omer Nahum , Nitay Calderon , Orgad Keller , Idan Szpektor , Roi Reichart

Visual instruction tuning adapts pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to follow human instructions for real-world applications. However, the rapid growth of these datasets introduces significant redundancy, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jinhe Bi , Aniri , Yifan Wang , Danqi Yan , Wenke Huang , Zengjie Jin , Xiaowen Ma , Sikuan Yan , Artur Hecker , Mang Ye , Xun Xiao , Hinrich Schuetze , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

The increasing parameters and expansive dataset of large language models (LLMs) highlight the urgent demand for a technical solution to audit the underlying privacy risks and copyright issues associated with LLMs. Existing studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Chen Gao , Guanghua Liu , Yong Li , Tao Jiang

Validating Large Language Models with ReLM explores the application of formal languages to evaluate and control Large Language Models (LLMs) for memorization, bias, and zero-shot performance. Current approaches for evaluating these types…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Reece Adamson , Erin Song

The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these concerns by creating an abundance of datasets for evaluating and improving LLM safety.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Paul Röttger , Fabio Pernisi , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy

Recent Vision-based Large Language Models~(VisionLLMs) for autonomous driving have seen rapid advancements. However, such promotion is extremely dependent on large-scale high-quality annotated data, which is costly and labor-intensive. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Chaoqun Wang , Jie Yang , Xiaobin Hong , Ruimao Zhang

How can we detect if copyrighted content was used in the training process of a language model, considering that the training data is typically undisclosed? We are motivated by the premise that a language model is likely to identify verbatim…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 André V. Duarte , Xuandong Zhao , Arlindo L. Oliveira , Lei Li

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs), celebrated for their ability to generate human-like text, has raised concerns about misinformation and ethical implications. Addressing these concerns necessitates the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Wissam Antoun , Benoît Sagot , Djamé Seddah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, not only in generating human-like text, but also in acquiring knowledge. This highlights the need to go beyond the typical Natural Language Processing downstream benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ahmad Mustapha , Hadi Al-Khansa , Hadi Al-Mubasher , Aya Mourad , Ranam Hamoud , Hasan El-Husseini , Marwah Al-Sakkaf , Mariette Awad

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have rapidly gained prominence for their strong performance in solving complex tasks. Many modern black-box LRMs expose the intermediate reasoning traces through APIs to improve transparency (e.g., Gemini-2.5…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ruihan Hu , Yu-Ming Shang , Wei Luo , Ye Tao , Xi Zhang

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) on pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) aim at determining if a data point was part of the model's training set. Prior MIAs that are built for classification models fail at LLMs, due to ignoring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Hongyan Chang , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Kleomenis Katevas , Hamed Haddadi , Reza Shokri

Making an informed choice of pre-trained language model (LM) is critical for performance, yet environmentally costly, and as such widely underexplored. The field of Computer Vision has begun to tackle encoder ranking, with promising forays…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Barbara Plank

Efforts have increased in recent years to identify associations between specific datasets and the scientific literature that incorporates them. Knowing that a given publication cites a given dataset, the next logical step is to explore how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Neil Byers , Ali Zaidi , Valerie Skye , Chris Beecroft , Kjiersten Fagnan

Engagement recognition in video datasets, unlike traditional image classification tasks, is particularly challenged by subjective labels and noise limiting model performance. To overcome the challenges of subjective and noisy engagement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Alexander Vedernikov , Puneet Kumar , Haoyu Chen , Tapio Seppänen , Xiaobai Li

Membership inference attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a particular data point is part of the training dataset of a model. In this paper, we propose a new task in the context of LLM privacy: entity-level discovery of membership risk…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ali Satvaty , Suzan Verberne , Fatih Turkmen

High-quality textual training data is essential for the success of multimodal data processing tasks, yet outputs from image captioning models like BLIP and GIT often contain errors and anomalies that are difficult to rectify using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Elyas Meguellati , Nardiena Pratama , Shazia Sadiq , Gianluca Demartini

Data filtering strategies are a crucial component to develop safe Large Language Models (LLM), since they support the removal of harmful contents from pretraining datasets. There is a lack of research on the actual impact of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Marco Antonio Stranisci , Christian Hardmeier

The wide adoption and application of Masked language models~(MLMs) on sensitive data (from legal to medical) necessitates a thorough quantitative investigation into their privacy vulnerabilities -- to what extent do MLMs leak information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Kartik Goyal , Archit Uniyal , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Reza Shokri