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Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be particularly effective in solving complex decision-making problems for a wide range of applications. Safe reinforcement learning refers to a class of constrained problems where the constraint…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Dhruv Singh Kushwaha , Zoleikha Abdollahi Biron

This tutorial paper presents recent work of the authors that extends the theory of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) to address practical challenges in the synthesis of safe controllers for autonomous systems and robots. We present novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Kunal Garg , James Usevitch , Joseph Breeden , Mitchell Black , Devansh Agrawal , Hardik Parwana , Dimitra Panagou

In emerging control applications involving multiple and complex tasks, safety filters are gaining prominence as a modular approach to enforcing safety constraints. Among various methods, control barrier functions (CBFs) are widely used for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Jason J. Choi , Claire J. Tomlin , Shankar Sastry , Koushil Sreenath

In this paper, a safety-critical control strategy for a nonholonomic robot is developed to generate control signals that result in optimal, obstacle-free paths through dynamic environments. We formulate the control synthesis problem as an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Nhat Nguyen Minh , Stephen McIlvanna , Yuzhu Sun , Yan Jin , Mien Van

In this paper, we propose a safety-critical controller based on time-varying control barrier functions (CBFs) for a robot with an unicycle model in the continuous-time domain to achieve navigation and dynamic collision avoidance. Unlike…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jihao Huang , Zhitao Liu , Jun Zeng , Xuemin Chi , Hongye Su

The notion of the relaxed Robust Control Lyapunov Function (relaxed RCLF) is introduced and is exploited for the design of robust feedback stabilizers for nonlinear systems. Particularly, it is shown for systems with input constraints that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-10-07 Iasson Karafyllis , Costas Kravaris , Nicolas Kalogerakis

We study feasibility guarantees for safety filters developed using Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) when a safe set is defined using the pointwise minimum of continuously differentiable functions, a construction that is common for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Anil Alan , Bart De Schutter

This paper presents a novel safety filter framework that ensures both safety and the preservation of the legacy control action within a nominal region. This modular design allows the safety filter to be integrated into the control hierarchy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Michael Schneeberger , Silvia Mastellone , Florian Dörfler

Koopman operator-based methods enable data-driven bilinear representations of unknown nonlinear control systems. Accurate representations often demand significantly higher dimensions than the original system, making control design…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Sami Leon Noel Aziz Hanna , Nicolas Hoischen , Sandra Hirche , Armin Lederer

Ensuring safety for autonomous systems under uncertainty remains challenging, particularly when safety of the true state is required despite the true state not being fully known. Control barrier functions (CBFs) have become widely adopted…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Ruoyu Lin , Magnus Egerstedt

Control barrier functions (CBFs) offer a powerful tool for enforcing safety specifications in control synthesis. This paper deals with the problem of constructing valid CBFs. Given a second-order system and any desired safety set with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Mohammed Alyaseen , Nikolay Atanasov , Jorge Cortes

This paper considers the problem of designing motion planning algorithms for control-affine systems that generate collision-free paths from an initial to a final destination and can be executed using safe and dynamically-feasible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Pol Mestres , Carlos Nieto-Granda , Jorge Cortés

This paper is motivated by controllers developed for autonomous vehicles which occasionally result into conditions where safety is no longer guaranteed. We develop an exact-time safety recovery framework for any control-affine nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Yingqing Chen , Christos G. Cassandras , Wei Xiao , Anni Li

We present a novel method for designing higher-order Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) that guarantee convergence to a safe set within a user-specified finite. Traditional Higher Order CBFs (HOCBFs) ensure asymptotic safety but lack…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Janani S K , Shishir Kolathaya

In this work we show that given a nonlinear programming problem, it is possible to construct a family of dynamical systems defined on the feasible set of the given problem, so that: (a) the equilibrium points are the unknown critical points…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-11-07 Iasson Karafyllis

In this work, we consider the problem of designing a safety filter for a nonlinear uncertain control system. Our goal is to augment an arbitrary controller with a safety filter such that the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed to stay…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Lukas Brunke , Siqi Zhou , Angela P. Schoellig

Safety-critical control is a crucial aspect of modern systems, and Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have gained popularity as the framework of choice for ensuring safety. However, implementing a CBF requires exact knowledge of the true…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-26 Rahal Nanayakkara , Aaron D. Ames , Paulo Tabuada

State estimation uncertainty is prevalent in real-world applications, hindering the application of safety-critical control. Existing methods address this by strengthening a Control Barrier Function (CBF) condition either to handle actuation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Xiao Tan , Rahal Nanayakkara , Paulo Tabuada , Aaron D. Ames

We develop a novel adaptation-based technique for safe control design in the presence of multiple control barrier function (CBF) constraints. Specifically, we introduce an approach for synthesizing any number of candidate CBFs into one…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Mitchell Black , Dimitra Panagou

This paper develops a controller for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) traversing a single-lane roundabout. The controller simultaneously determines the optimal sequence and associated optimal motion control jointly minimizing travel…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-21 Yingqing Chen , Christos G. Cassandras , Kaiyuan Xu