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Related papers: Tiny Inference-Time Scaling with Latent Verifiers

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Infrared imagery enables temperature-based scene understanding using passive sensors, particularly under conditions of low visibility where traditional RGB imaging fails. Yet, developing downstream vision models for infrared applications is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kai A. Horstmann , Maxim Clouser , Kia Khezeli

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at broad visual understanding but still struggle with fine-grained perception, where decisive evidence is small and easily overwhelmed by global context. Recent "Thinking-with-Images" methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lai Wei , Liangbo He , Jun Lan , Lingzhong Dong , Yutong Cai , Siyuan Li , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Linghe Kong , Yue Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Weiran Huang

To usher in the next round of client AI innovation, there is an urgent need to enable efficient, lossless inference of high-accuracy large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs), jointly referred to as xLMs, on client…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Aditya Ukarande , Deep Shekhar , Marc Blackstein , Ram Rangan

Despite significant advancements in vision-language models (VLMs), there lacks effective approaches to enhance response quality by scaling inference-time computation. This capability is known to be a core step towards the self-improving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Xiyao Wang , Zhengyuan Yang , Linjie Li , Hongjin Lu , Yuancheng Xu , Chung-Ching Lin , Kevin Lin , Furong Huang , Lijuan Wang

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs for text generation, with the potential to decode multiple tokens in a single iteration. However, none of the existing open-source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Xu Wang , Chenkai Xu , Yijie Jin , Jiachun Jin , Hao Zhang , Zhijie Deng

Verifiers or reward models are often used to enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). A common approach is the Best-of-N method, where N candidate solutions generated by the LLM are ranked by a verifier, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lunjun Zhang , Arian Hosseini , Hritik Bansal , Mehran Kazemi , Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal

Recent large language models (LLMs) with enormous model sizes use many GPUs to meet memory capacity requirements incurring substantial costs for token generation. To provide cost-effective LLM inference with relaxed latency constraints,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sanghyeon Lee , Hongbeen Kim , Soojin Hwang , Guseul Heo , Minwoo Noh , Jaehyuk Huh

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, the substantial number of parameters in LLMs contributes to significant latency during model inference. This is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Pengfei Wu , Jiahao Liu , Zhuocheng Gong , Qifan Wang , Jinpeng Li , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao

High-level synthesis (HLS) transforms an algorithmic description of hardware from a higher abstraction (e.g., C/C++) into a register-transfer level (RTL) design, offering reduced development time and greater flexibility in design space…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaofeng Zhou , Linfeng Du , Guangyu Hu , Sharad Sinha , Hongce Zhang , Wei Zhang

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities by integrating visual perception with language understanding, enabling applications such as image-grounded dialogue, visual question answering, and scientific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Tianyi Bai , Zengjie Hu , Fupeng Sun , Jiantao Qiu , Yizhen Jiang , Guangxin He , Bohan Zeng , Conghui He , Binhang Yuan , Wentao Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on single-image tasks, but their performance declines when multiple images are provided as input. One major reason is the cross-image information leakage, where the model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Minyoung Lee , Yeji Park , Dongjun Hwang , Yejin Kim , Seong Joon Oh , Junsuk Choe

Test-time scaling (TTS) techniques can improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) at the expense of additional computation and latency. While TTS has proven effective in formal domains such as mathematics and programming, its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Davide Romano , Jonathan Schwarz , Daniele Giofré

Large language models (LLMs) struggle with multi-step reasoning, where inference-time scaling has emerged as a promising strategy for performance improvement. Verifier-guided search outperforms repeated sampling when sample size is limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Fei Yu , Yingru Li , Benyou Wang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4 have achieved exceptional performance across various multi-modal tasks. However, the deployment of VLMs necessitates substantial energy consumption and computational resources. Once…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Kuofeng Gao , Yang Bai , Jindong Gu , Shu-Tao Xia , Philip Torr , Zhifeng Li , Wei Liu

Inspired by human SYSTEM 2 thinking, LLMs excel at complex reasoning tasks via extended Chain-of-Thought. However, similar test-time scaling for diffusion models to tackle complex reasoning remains largely unexplored. From existing work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Tao Zhang , Jia-Shu Pan , Ruiqi Feng , Tailin Wu

With the scale capability of increasing training data, model size, and computational cost, video generation has achieved impressive results in digital creation, enabling users to express creativity across various domains. Recently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Fangfu Liu , Hanyang Wang , Yimo Cai , Kaiyan Zhang , Xiaohang Zhan , Yueqi Duan

The recent surge of open-source large language models (LLMs) enables developers to create AI-based solutions while maintaining control over aspects such as privacy and compliance, thereby providing governance and ownership of the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Matias Martinez

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled the creation of multi-modal LLMs that exhibit strong comprehension of visual data such as images and videos. However, these models usually rely on extensive visual tokens from visual encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yiwu Zhong , Zhuoming Liu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Inference-time scaling has proven effective in boosting large language model (LLM) performance through increased test-time computation. Yet, its practical application is often hindered by reliance on external verifiers or a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Fei Wang , Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Jiefeng Chen , Sercan Ö. Arık

Diffusion-based generative models have demonstrated a capacity for perceptually impressive synthesis, but can they also be great likelihood-based models? We answer this in the affirmative, and introduce a family of diffusion-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Diederik P. Kingma , Tim Salimans , Ben Poole , Jonathan Ho