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As textual reasoning with large language models (LLMs) has advanced significantly, there has been growing interest in enhancing the multimodal reasoning capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Junfei Wu , Jian Guan , Kaituo Feng , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Wei Wu , Tieniu Tan

When faced with complex spatial problems, humans naturally sketch layouts to organize their thinking, and the act of drawing further sharpens their understanding. In this work, we ask whether a similar principle holds for Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Shiyuan Huang , Li Liu , Jincheng He , Leilani H. Gilpin

3D object grounding localizes referred objects in a 3D scene from natural language. Unified instance-centric 3D-LLMs aim to solve grounding together with dialog, QA, and captioning, yet many rely on a single pointer-style grounding decision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiawei Li , Ziyi Liu , Weijie Shi , Long Chen , Jiajie Xu , Xiaofang Zhou

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are essential for various tasks, particularly visual reasoning tasks, due to their robust multi-modal information integration, visual reasoning capabilities, and contextual awareness. However, existing \VLMs{}'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Zaiqiao Meng , Hao Zhou , Yifang Chen

As the modern tool of choice for question answering, large language models (LLMs) are expected to deliver answers with up-to-date knowledge. To achieve such ideal question-answering systems, locating and then editing outdated knowledge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Baolong Bi , Shenghua Liu , Yiwei Wang , Lingrui Mei , Hongcheng Gao , Junfeng Fang , Xueqi Cheng

Recent advances in 3D scene-language understanding have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) for 3D reasoning by transferring their general reasoning ability to 3D multi-modal contexts. However, existing methods typically adopt standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yerim Jeon , Miso Lee , WonJun Moon , Jae-Pil Heo

In this paper, we study how to improve the zero-shot reasoning ability of large language models~(LLMs) over structured data in a unified way. Inspired by the study on tool augmentation for LLMs, we develop an \emph{Iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Zican Dong , Keming Ye , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Prompt-driven scene synthesis allows users to generate complete 3D environments from textual descriptions. Current text-to-scene methods often struggle with complex geometries and object transformations, and tend to show weak adherence to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Frédéric Berdoz , Luca A. Lanzendörfer , Nick Tuninga , Roger Wattenhofer

Spatial reasoning is a crucial component of both biological and artificial intelligence. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the capability of current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) on spatial reasoning. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Md Imbesat Hassan Rizvi , Xiaodan Zhu , Iryna Gurevych

Recent pre-trained language models (PLMs) equipped with foundation reasoning skills have shown remarkable performance on downstream complex tasks. However, the significant structure reasoning skill has been rarely studied, which involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Jiarong Xu , Taishan Li , Zhihao Fan

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate extraordinary abilities in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we show that, beyond text understanding capability, LLMs are capable of processing text layouts that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Weiming Li , Manni Duan , Dong An , Yan Shao

This paper explores the spatial reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) over textual input through a suite of five tasks aimed at probing their spatial understanding and computational abilities. The models were tested on both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Maggie Bai , Ava Kim Cohen , Eleanor Koss , Charlie Lichtenbaum

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in 2D vision and language tasks. However, their ability to reason about spatial arrangements remains limited. In this work, we introduce Spatial Region GPT (SpatialRGPT)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 An-Chieh Cheng , Hongxu Yin , Yang Fu , Qiushan Guo , Ruihan Yang , Jan Kautz , Xiaolong Wang , Sifei Liu

Visual reasoning is dominated by end-to-end neural networks scaled to billions of model parameters and training examples. However, even the largest models struggle with compositional reasoning, generalization, fine-grained spatial and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Aleksandar Stanić , Sergi Caelles , Michael Tschannen

Scene graphs offer a structured, hierarchical representation of images, with nodes and edges symbolizing objects and the relationships among them. It can serve as a natural interface for image editing, dramatically improving precision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zhiyuan Zhang , DongDong Chen , Jing Liao

Embodied-AI agents must reason about how objects move and interact in 3-D space over time, yet existing smaller frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) still mis-handle fine-grained spatial relations, metric distances, and temporal orderings.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jacob Anderson , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Hideki Okamoto , Danil Prokhorov

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and task generalization. However, their application to structured data analysis remains fragile due to inconsistencies in schema…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Amit Rath

Integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into visual domain tasks, resulting in visual-LLMs (V-LLMs), has enabled exceptional performance in vision-language tasks, particularly for visual question answering (VQA). However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Kanchana Ranasinghe , Satya Narayan Shukla , Omid Poursaeed , Michael S. Ryoo , Tsung-Yu Lin

The spatial reasoning task aims to reason about the spatial relationships in 2D and 3D space, which is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. Although vision language models (VLMs) have developed rapidly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xun Liang , Xin Guo , Zhongming Jin , Weihang Pan , Penghui Shang , Deng Cai , Binbin Lin , Jieping Ye

This paper introduces Scene-LLM, a 3D-visual-language model that enhances embodied agents' abilities in interactive 3D indoor environments by integrating the reasoning strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs). Scene-LLM adopts a hybrid 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Rao Fu , Jingyu Liu , Xilun Chen , Yixin Nie , Wenhan Xiong