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Comparing graphs to identify similarities is a fundamental task in visual analytics of graph data. To support this, visual analytics systems frequently employ quantitative computational measures to provide automated guidance. However, it…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Seokweon Jung , Jeongmin Rhee , Seoyoung Doh , Hyeon Jeon , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Jinwook Seo

We introduce OVERTONBENCH, a novel framework for measuring Overton pluralism in LLMs--the extent to which diverse viewpoints are represented in model outputs. We (i) formalize Overton pluralism as a set coverage metric (OVERTONSCORE), (ii)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Elinor Poole-Dayan , Jiayi Wu , Taylor Sorensen , Jiaxin Pei , Michiel A. Bakker

At the staggering pace with which the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are increasing, creating future-proof evaluation sets to assess their understanding becomes more and more challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Xenia Ohmer , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intended to reflect human linguistic competencies. But humans have access to a broad and embodied context, which is key in detecting and resolving linguistic ambiguities, even in isolated text spans. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Amber Shore , Russell Scheinberg , Ameeta Agrawal , So Young Lee

LLMs have emerged as powerful evaluators in the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm, offering significant efficiency and flexibility compared to human judgments. However, previous methods primarily rely on single-point evaluations, overlooking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Luyu Chen , Zeyu Zhang , Haoran Tan , Quanyu Dai , Hao Yang , Zhenhua Dong , Xu Chen

Autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) trained for next-word prediction have demonstrated remarkable proficiency at producing coherent text. But are they equally adept at forming coherent probability judgments? We use probabilistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jian-Qiao Zhu , Thomas L. Griffiths

Synthetic long-context LLM benchmarks (e.g., "needle-in-the-haystack") test only surface-level retrieval capabilities, but how well can long-context LLMs retrieve, synthesize, and reason over information across book-length inputs? We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Marzena Karpinska , Katherine Thai , Kyle Lo , Tanya Goyal , Mohit Iyyer

This paper presents a technical report of our submission to the 4th task of SemEval-2021, titled: Reading Comprehension of Abstract Meaning. In this task, we want to predict the correct answer based on a question given a context. Usually,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Hossein Basafa , Sajad Movahedi , Ali Ebrahimi , Azadeh Shakery , Heshaam Faili

Reasoning and linguistic skills form the cornerstone of human intelligence, facilitating problem-solving and decision-making. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to impressive linguistic capabilities and emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Gaurav Arora , Srujana Merugu , Shreya Jain , Vaibhav Saxena

There is growing recognition that many NLP tasks lack a single ground truth, as human judgments reflect diverse perspectives. To capture this variation, models have been developed to predict full annotation distributions rather than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Frances Yung , Daniil Ignatev , Merel Scholman , Vera Demberg , Massimo Poesio

In this position paper, we argue that human evaluation of generative large language models (LLMs) should be a multidisciplinary undertaking that draws upon insights from disciplines such as user experience research and human behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Aparna Elangovan , Ling Liu , Lei Xu , Sravan Bodapati , Dan Roth

Deductive reasoning plays a pivotal role in the formulation of sound and cohesive arguments. It allows individuals to draw conclusions that logically follow, given the truth value of the information provided. Recent progress in the domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly appear in social science research (e.g., economics and marketing), it becomes crucial to assess how well these models replicate human behavior. In this work, using hypothesis testing, we present…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Harbin Hong , Sebastian Caldas , Liu Leqi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Human evaluation has been the gold standard for checking faithfulness in abstractive summarization. However, with a challenging source domain like narrative, multiple annotators can agree a summary is faithful, while missing details that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Melanie Subbiah , Faisal Ladhak , Akankshya Mishra , Griffin Adams , Lydia B. Chilton , Kathleen McKeown

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, fundamentally reshaping the landscape of natural language processing (NLP) research. However, recent evaluation frameworks often rely on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Chenyang Lyu , Minghao Wu , Alham Fikri Aji

Analogical reasoning, particularly in multimodal contexts, is the foundation of human perception and creativity. Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) has recently sparked considerable discussion due to its emergent capabilities. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Diandian Guo , Cong Cao , Fangfang Yuan , Dakui Wang , Wei Ma , Yanbing Liu , Jianhui Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in settings where reliable self-assessment is critical. Assessing model reliability has evolved from using probabilistic correctness estimates to, more recently, eliciting verbalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sree Bhattacharyya , Samarth Khanna , Leona Chen , Lucas Craig , Tharun Dilliraj , James Z. Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used as automated judges for multimodal systems, yet their scores provide no indication of reliability. We study this problem through conformal prediction, a distribution-free framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Divake Kumar , Sina Tayebati , Devashri Naik , Ranganath Krishnan , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

This paper describes our approach to hierarchical multi-label detection of persuasion techniques in meme texts. Our model, developed as a part of the recent SemEval task, is based on fine-tuning individual language models (BERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Kota Shamanth Ramanath Nayak , Leila Kosseim