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Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision-making tasks across diverse domains, yet its reliance on black-box neural architectures hinders interpretability, trust, and deployment in high-stakes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zelei Cheng , Jiahao Yu , Xinyu Xing

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is structured to derive policies from static trajectory data without requiring real-time environment interactions. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of framing offline RL as a sequence modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Abdelghani Ghanem , Philippe Ciblat , Mounir Ghogho

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been recognized as a powerful tool for robot control tasks. RL typically employs reward functions to define task objectives and guide agent learning. However, since the reward function serves the dual purpose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zhao Yu , Xiuping Wu , Liangjun Ke

Explanation is a key component for the adoption of reinforcement learning (RL) in many real-world decision-making problems. In the literature, the explanation is often provided by saliency attribution to the features of the RL agent's…

Being able to solve a task in diverse ways makes agents more robust to task variations and less prone to local optima. In this context, constrained diversity optimization has become a useful reinforcement learning (RL) framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Cornelius V. Braun , Sayantan Auddy , Marc Toussaint

This paper introduces a new scalable multi-objective deep reinforcement learning (MODRL) framework based on deep Q-networks. We develop a high-performance MODRL framework that supports both single-policy and multi-policy strategies, as well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Peter Vamplew , Saeid Nahavandi , Richard Dazeley , Chee Peng Lim

Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) presents significant challenges and opportunities for optimizing multiple objectives in Large Language Models (LLMs). We introduce a MORL taxonomy and examine the advantages and limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lingxiao Kong , Cong Yang , Oya Deniz Beyan , Zeyd Boukhers

In supply chain management, decision-making often involves balancing multiple conflicting objectives, such as cost reduction, service level improvement, and environmental sustainability. Traditional multi-objective optimization methods,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Niki Kotecha , Ehecatl Antonio del Rio Chanona

In practical application, the pursuit-evasion game (PEG) often involves multiple complex and conflicting objectives. The single-objective reinforcement learning (RL) usually focuses on a single optimization objective, and it is difficult to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Penglin Hu , Chunhui Zhao , Quan Pan

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model (LLM) fine-tuning show promise in addressing multi-objective tasks but still face significant challenges, including competing objective balancing, low training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Lingxiao Kong , Cong Yang , Susanne Neufang , Oya Deniz Beyan , Zeyd Boukhers

Balancing safety, efficiency, and operational costs in highway driving poses a challenging decision-making problem for heavy-duty vehicles. A central difficulty is that conventional scalar reward formulations, obtained by aggregating these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Deepthi Pathare , Leo Laine , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular machine learning paradigm where intelligent agents interact with the environment to fulfill a long-term goal. Driven by the resurgence of deep learning, Deep RL (DRL) has witnessed great success over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yunpeng Qing , Shunyu Liu , Jie Song , Yang Zhou , Kaixuan Chen , Huiqiong Wang , Mingli Song

Preference-aligned robot navigation in human environments is typically achieved through learning-based approaches, utilizing user feedback or demonstrations for personalization. However, personal preferences are subject to change and might…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jorge de Heuvel , Tharun Sethuraman , Maren Bennewitz

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) aims to find a set of high-performing and diverse policies that address trade-offs between multiple conflicting objectives. However, in practice, decision makers (DMs) often deploy only one or a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Ke Li , Han Guo

Inferring reward functions from demonstrations and pairwise preferences are auspicious approaches for aligning Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents with human intentions. However, state-of-the art methods typically focus on learning a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Markus Peschl , Arkady Zgonnikov , Frans A. Oliehoek , Luciano C. Siebert

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a valuable tool for the creation of AI systems. However it may be problematic to adequately align RL based on scalar rewards if there are multiple conflicting values or stakeholders to be considered. Over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Peter Vamplew , Conor F Hayes , Cameron Foale , Richard Dazeley , Hadassah Harland

Humanoid locomotion requires not only accurate command tracking for navigation but also compliant responses to external forces during human interaction. Despite significant progress, existing RL approaches mainly emphasize robustness,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tingxuan Leng , Yushi Wang , Tinglong Zheng , Changsheng Luo , Mingguo Zhao

Multi-agent hierarchical reinforcement learning (MAHRL) has been studied as an effective means to solve intelligent decision problems in complex and large-scale environments. However, most current MAHRL algorithms follow the traditional way…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chanjuan Liu , Jinmiao Cong , Bingcai Chen , Yaochu Jin , Enqiang Zhu

A common challenge in reinforcement learning is how to convert the agent's interactions with an environment into fast and robust learning. For instance, earlier work makes use of domain knowledge to improve existing reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Yannis Flet-Berliac , Philippe Preux

Many real-world problems (e.g., resource management, autonomous driving, drug discovery) require optimizing multiple, conflicting objectives. Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) extends classic reinforcement learning to handle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zuzanna Osika , Roxana Rădulescu , Jazmin Zatarain Salazar , Frans Oliehoek , Pradeep K. Murukannaiah