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This paper introduces MANGO (Multilayer Abstraction for Nested Generation of Options), a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning framework designed to address the challenges of long-term sparse reward environments. MANGO decomposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Alessio Arcudi , Davide Sartor , Alberto Sinigaglia , Vincent François-Lavet , Gian Antonio Susto

Camera-controlled video generation has achieved remarkable progress in recent years. However, existing video-to-video re-rendering methods primarily rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning using synthetic datasets. At present, there is an extreme…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zizun Li , Haoyu Guo , Runzhe Teng , Chunhua Shen , Tong He

Recent advances in text-to-video (T2V) generation have achieved good visual quality, yet synthesizing videos that faithfully follow physical laws remains an open challenge. Existing methods mainly based on graphics or prompt extension…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yuanhao Cai , Kunpeng Li , Menglin Jia , Jialiang Wang , Junzhe Sun , Feng Liang , Weifeng Chen , Felix Juefei-Xu , Chu Wang , Ali Thabet , Xiaoliang Dai , Xuan Ju , Alan Yuille , Ji Hou

Balancing exploration and exploitation remains a central challenge in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for large language models (LLMs). Current RLVR methods often overemphasize exploitation, leading to entropy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Liang Chen , Xueting Han , Qizhou Wang , Bo Han , Jing Bai , Hinrich Schutze , Kam-Fai Wong

Complex video reasoning remains a significant challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), as current R1-based methodologies often prioritize text-centric reasoning derived from text-based and image-based developments. In video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Bo Fang , Yuxin Song , Qiangqiang Wu , Haoyuan Sun , Wenhao Wu , Antoni B. Chan

Preference-based alignment is pivotal for training large reasoning models; however, standard methods like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) typically treat all preference pairs uniformly, overlooking the evolving utility of training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hui Wu , Hengyi Cai , Jinman Zhao , Xinran Chen , Ziheng Li , Zhejun Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Yuchen Li , Dawei Yin

The Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm has demonstrated considerable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by DeepSeek-R1. However, the absence of intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Fei Ding , Baiqiao Wang , Zijian Zeng , Youwei Wang

Large language model (LLM) alignment via reinforcement learning from human preferences (RLHF) suffers from unstable policy updates, ambiguous gradient directions, poor interpretability, and high gradient variance in mainstream pairwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Yu

Unsupervised speech emotion recognition (SER) focuses on addressing the problem of data sparsity and annotation bias of emotional speech. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising method which enhances the performance through rule-based or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Yingying Gao , Shilei Zhang , Runyan Yang , Zihao Cui , Junlan Feng

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful paradigm for optimizing large language models (LLMs) to handle complex reasoning tasks. A core challenge in this process lies in managing policy entropy, which reflects the balance between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhenpeng Su , Leiyu Pan , Minxuan Lv , Yuntao Li , Wenping Hu , Fuzheng Zhang , Kun Gai , Guorui Zhou

Video diffusion models have made rapid progress in perceptual realism and temporal coherence, but they remain primarily optimized for plausible generation rather than verifiable reasoning. This limitation is especially pronounced in tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Tinghui Zhu , Sheng Zhang , James Y. Huang , Selena Song , Xiaofei Wen , Yuankai Li , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, recent studies question whether RL genuinely expands reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dayu Wang , Jiaye Yang , Weikang Li , Jiahui Liang , Yang Li

Latent reasoning offers a more efficient alternative to explicit reasoning by compressing intermediate reasoning into continuous representations and substantially shortening reasoning chains. However, existing latent reasoning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jingcheng Deng , Zihao Wei , Liang Pang , Junhong Wu , Shicheng Xu , Zenghao Duan , Huawei Shen

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has significantly advanced the training of large language models and enhanced their reasoning capabilities, while it remains susceptible to instability due to the use of hard clipping. Soft Adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Egor Denisov , Svetlana Glazyrina , Maksim Kryzhanovskiy , Roman Ischenko

Post-training has become central to improving reasoning and alignment in large language models, where critic-free models enable scalable learning from model-generated outputs but lack principled mechanisms to distinguish informative from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zheyuan Zhang , Kaiwen Shi , Han Bao , Zehong Wang , Tianyi Ma , Yanfang Ye

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training is crucial for aligning generative models with human preferences, but its prohibitive computational cost remains a major barrier to widespread adoption. We introduce \textbf{TreeGRPO}, a novel RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zheng Ding , Weirui Ye

Recent advances in video world modeling have enabled large-scale generative models to simulate embodied environments with high visual fidelity, providing strong priors for prediction, planning, and control. Yet, despite their realism, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haoyang He , Jay Patrikar , Dong-Ki Kim , Max Smith , Daniel McGann , Ali-akbar Agha-mohammadi , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Sebastian Scherer

In this paper, we introduce ManiVideo, a novel method for generating consistent and temporally coherent bimanual hand-object manipulation videos from given motion sequences of hands and objects. The core idea of ManiVideo is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Youxin Pang , Ruizhi Shao , Jiajun Zhang , Hanzhang Tu , Yun Liu , Boyao Zhou , Hongwen Zhang , Yebin Liu

Group-based policy optimization methods like GRPO and GSPO have become standard for training multimodal models, leveraging group-wise rollouts and relative advantage estimation. However, they suffer from a critical \emph{gradient vanishing}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zengjie Hu , Jiantao Qiu , Tianyi Bai , Haojin Yang , Binhang Yuan , Qi Jing , Conghui He , Wentao Zhang

Multi-turn tool calling is challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) because rewards are sparse and exploration is expensive. A common recipe, SFT followed by GRPO, can stall when within-group reward variation is low (e.g., more rollouts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haitian Zhong , Jixiu Zhai , Lei Song , Jiang Bian , Qiang Liu , Tieniu Tan
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