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Personality traits are richly encoded in natural language, and large language models (LLMs) trained on human text can simulate personality when conditioned on persona descriptions. However, existing evaluations rely predominantly on…

Encoding models that predict brain response patterns to stimuli are one way to capture this relationship between variability in bottom-up neural systems and individual's behavior or pathological state. However, they generally need a large…

The growing convergence between Large Language Models (LLMs) and electroencephalography (EEG) research is enabling new directions in neural decoding, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), and affective computing. This survey offers a systematic…

Large language models (LLMs) have complicated internal dynamics, but induce representations of words and phrases whose geometry we can study. Human language processing is also opaque, but neural response measurements can provide (noisy)…

Language-brain encoding experiments evaluate the ability of language models to predict brain responses elicited by language stimuli. The evaluation scenarios for this task have not yet been standardized which makes it difficult to compare…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on complex reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their ability to internally evaluate problem difficulty, which is an essential capability for adaptive reasoning and efficient…

Reasoning in humans is prone to biases due to underlying motivations like identity protection, that undermine rational decision-making and judgment. This \textit{motivated reasoning} at a collective level can be detrimental to society when…

We investigate how LLMs encode sociodemographic attributes of human conversational partners inferred from indirect cues such as names and occupations. We show that LLMs develop linear representations of user demographics within activation…

The scaling laws have become the de facto guidelines for designing large language models (LLMs), but they were studied under the assumption of unlimited computing resources for both training and inference. As LLMs are increasingly used as…

There is an increasing consensus among re- searchers that making a computer emotionally intelligent with the ability to decode human affective states would allow a more meaningful and natural way of human-computer interactions (HCIs). One…

In daily interactions, emotions are frequently conveyed and triggered through verbal exchanges. Sometimes, we must modulate our emotional reactions to align with societal norms. Among the emotional words, taboo words represent a specific…

Nowadays, personalized recommender systems play an increasingly important role in music scenarios in our daily life with the preference prediction ability. However, existing methods mainly rely on users' implicit feedback (e.g., click,…

The versatility of Large Language Models (LLMs) on natural language understanding tasks has made them popular for research in social sciences. To properly understand the properties and innate personas of LLMs, researchers have performed…

Emotion recognition from physiological signals remains challenging due to their non-stationary, noisy, and subject-dependent characteristics. This work presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive application of liquid…

Long Short Term Memory LSTM-based structures have demonstrated their efficiency for daily living recognition activities in smart homes by capturing the order of sensor activations and their temporal dependencies. Nevertheless, they still…

The text produced by language models (LMs) can exhibit specific `behaviors,' such as a failure to follow alignment training, that we hope to detect and react to during deployment. Identifying these behaviors can often only be done post…

Languages are shaped by the inductive biases of their users. Using a classical referential game, we investigate how artificial languages evolve when optimised for inductive biases in humans and large language models (LLMs) via Human-Human,…

Large language models (LLMs) can be said to have preferences: they reliably pick certain tasks and outputs over others, and preferences shaped by post-training and system prompts appear to shape much of their behaviour. But models can also…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes decision-making contexts. While prior work has shown that LLMs exhibit cognitive biases behaviorally, whether these biases correspond to identifiable internal…

Sleep is crucial for memory consolidation, underpinning effective learning. Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) can strengthen neural representations by re-engaging learning circuits during sleep. However, TMR protocols overlook individual…