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Vision-Language Continual Learning (VLCL) has attracted significant research attention for its robust capabilities, and the adoption of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) strategies is enabling these models to achieve competitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ziwei Liu , Borui Kang , Wei Li , Hangjie Yuan , Yanbing Yang , Wenbin Li , Yifan Zhu , Tao Feng , Jun Luo

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) is essential for enabling deep learning models to handle real-world data distribution shifts. However, current approaches face significant limitations: backpropagation-based methods are not suitable for low-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xingyu Wang , Tao Wang

Parameter efficient fine tuning is a way to adapt LLMs to new languages when compute or data are limited, yet adapter pipelines usually choose a global prune ratio by grid search. This practice is computationally expensive and development…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Besher Hassan , Xiuying Chen

Training large language models (LLMs) encounters challenges in GPU memory consumption due to the high memory requirements of model states. The widely used Zero Redundancy Optimizer (ZeRO) addresses this issue through strategic sharding but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Qiaoling Chen , Qinghao Hu , Guoteng Wang , Yingtong Xiong , Ting Huang , Xun Chen , Yang Gao , Hang Yan , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang , Peng Sun

Recently, zeroth-order (ZO) optimization plays an essential role in scenarios where gradient information is inaccessible or unaffordable, such as black-box systems and resource-constrained environments. While existing adaptive methods such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yao Shu , Qixin Zhang , Kun He , Zhongxiang Dai

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Federated Learning enables collaborative fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) across decentralized Non-Independent and Identically Distributed (Non-IID) clients, but such models' massive parameter sizes lead to significant memory and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yide Ran , Wentao Guo , Jingwei Sun , Yanzhou Pan , Xiaodong Yu , Hao Wang , Jianwen Xie , Yiran Chen , Denghui Zhang , Zhaozhuo Xu

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization with ordinal feedback has emerged as a fundamental problem in modern machine learning systems, particularly in human-in-the-loop settings such as reinforcement learning from human feedback, preference…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Haishan Ye

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

Network pruning focuses on algorithms that aim to reduce a given model's computational cost by removing a subset of its parameters while having minimal impact on performance. Throughout the last decade, the most widely used pruning paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Elia Cunegatti , Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a popular algorithm for aligning pretrained large language models with human preferences, owing to its simplicity and training stability. However, DPO suffers from the recently identified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Haocheng Luo , Zehang Deng , Thanh-Toan Do , Mehrtash Harandi , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Single-point zeroth-order optimization (SZO) is useful in solving online black-box optimization and control problems in time-varying environments, as it queries the function value only once at each time step. However, the vanilla SZO method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-20 Xin Chen , Yujie Tang , Na Li

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have advanced significantly by integrating visual encoders with extensive language models, enabling robust reasoning capabilities. However, compressing LMMs for deployment on edge devices remains a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Te Zhang , Yuheng Li , Junxiang Wang , Lujun Li

Continual learning requires new-task adaptation without damaging previously acquired capabilities. Recent forward-pass and zeroth-order (ZO) results show that low-query adaptation may retain better than first-order (FO) descent, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yao Shu , Jian Mu , Zhongxiang Dai

Despite the efficacy of network sparsity in alleviating the deployment strain of Large Language Models (LLMs), it endures significant performance degradation. Applying Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to fine-tune the sparse LLMs offers an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Weizhong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Yang Liu , Jing Lin , Yiwu Yao , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) are still struggling in aligning with human preference in complex tasks and scenarios. They are prone to overfit into the unexpected patterns or superficial styles in the training data. We conduct an empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jingyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as LoRA enable efficient adaptation of large pretrained models but often fall short of full fine-tuning performance. Existing approaches focus on aligning parameter updates, which only indirectly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Frédéric Zheng , Alexandre Proutière

Adapting large pre-trained language models to downstream tasks often entails fine-tuning millions of parameters or deploying costly dense weight updates, which hinders their use in resource-constrained environments. Low-rank Adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Longteng Zhang , Sen Wu , Shuai Hou , Zhengyu Qing , Zhuo Zheng , Danning Ke , Qihong Lin , Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Prompt learning has become a key method for adapting large language models to specific tasks with limited data. However, traditional gradient-based optimization methods for tuning prompts are computationally intensive, posing challenges for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Yao Fu , Yihang Jin , Chunxia Zhang , Junmin Liu , Guang Dai , Haishan Ye
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