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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge to mitigate hallucinations, yet models often generate outputs inconsistent with retrieved content. Accurate hallucination detection requires disentangling the contributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Likun Tan , Kuan-Wei Huang , Joy Shi , Kevin Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach for enhancing LLMs in scenarios that demand extensive factual knowledge. However, current RAG evaluations concentrate primarily on correctness, which may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vinh Nguyen , Cuong Dang , Jiahao Zhang , Hoa Tran , Minh Tran , Trinh Chau , Thai Le , Lu Cheng , Suhang Wang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) improves correctness of Question Answering (QA) and addresses hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet greatly increase computational costs. Besides, RAG is not always needed as may introduce…

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval, an approach known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), have achieved strong performance in open-domain question answering. However, RAG remains prone to hallucinations: factually…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by providing access to external knowledge. However, current research primarily focuses on retrieval quality, often overlooking the critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Yuxi Zhang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive fluency, but often produce critical errors known as "hallucinations". Uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods are a promising tool for coping with this fundamental shortcoming. Yet, existing…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the predominant paradigm for grounding Large Language Model outputs in factual knowledge, effectively mitigating hallucinations. However, conventional RAG systems operate under a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sergii Voloshyn

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to reduce hallucination by grounding answers in retrieved evidence, yet hallucinated answers remain common even when relevant documents are available. Existing evaluations focus on answer-level or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Passant Elchafei , Monorama Swain , Shahed Masoudian , Markus Schedl

Dynamic Retrieval-Augmented Generation adaptively determines when to retrieve during generation to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods rely on model-internal signals (e.g., logits, entropy),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Dehai Min , Kailin Zhang , Tongtong Wu , Lu Cheng

Selective prediction systems can mitigate harms resulting from language model hallucinations by abstaining from answering in high-risk cases. Uncertainty quantification techniques are often employed to identify such cases, but are rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Edward Phillips , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Sean Wu , Anshul Thakur , David A. Clifton

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard pipelines often lack mechanisms to verify inter- mediate reasoning, leaving them vulnerable to hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Eeham Khan , Luis Rodriguez , Marc Queudot

The Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system based on Large language model (LLM) has made significant progress. It can effectively reduce factuality hallucinations, but faithfulness hallucinations still exist. Previous methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jianpeng Hu , Yanzeng Li , Jialun Zhong , Wenfa Qi , Lei Zou

Hallucinations in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs for Question Answering (QA) tasks can critically undermine their real-world reliability. This paper introduces a methodology for robust, one-shot hallucination detection, specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Charles Moslonka , Hicham Randrianarivo , Arthur Garnier , Emmanuel Malherbe

Large language models have shown impressive capabilities in code generation, yet they often produce functionally incorrect code. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods have emerged as a promising approach for detecting hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dylan Bouchard , Mohit Singh Chauhan , Zeya Ahmad , Ho-Kyeong Ra

Large Language Models (LLMs) are valued for their strong performance across various tasks, but they also produce inaccurate or misleading outputs. Uncertainty Estimation (UE) quantifies the model's confidence and helps users assess response…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Heydar Soudani , Evangelos Kanoulas , Faegheh Hasibi

Complex multi-step reasoning tasks, such as solving mathematical problems, remain challenging for large language models (LLMs). While outcome supervision is commonly used, process supervision via process reward models (PRMs) provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zihuiwen Ye , Luckeciano Carvalho Melo , Younesse Kaddar , Phil Blunsom , Sam Staton , Yarin Gal

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models are designed to incorporate external knowledge, reducing hallucinations caused by insufficient parametric (internal) knowledge. However, even with accurate and relevant retrieved content, RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Zhongxiang Sun , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Weijie Yu , Yang Song , Han Li

Bearing in mind the limited parametric knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs), retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) which supplies them with the relevant external knowledge has served as an approach to mitigate the issue of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Hanna Zubkova , Ji-Hoon Park , Seong-Whan Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems offer a powerful approach to enhancing large language model (LLM) outputs by incorporating fact-checked, contextually relevant information. However, fairness and reliability concerns persist, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xuyang Zhu , Sejoon Chang , Andrew Kuik
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