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In clinical CT system, the x-ray tube emits polychromatic x-rays, and the x-ray detectors operate in the current-integrating mode. This physical process is accurately described by an energy-dependent non-linear integral equation. However,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Wenxiang Cong , Bruno De Man , Ge Wang

With the recent advances in machine learning for quantum chemistry, it is now possible to predict the chemical properties of compounds and to generate novel molecules. Existing generative models mostly use a string- or graph-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-14 Vitali Nesterov , Mario Wieser , Volker Roth

Predicting the properties of a molecule from its structure is a challenging task. Recently, deep learning methods have improved the state of the art for this task because of their ability to learn useful features from the given data. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Shengli Jiang , Prasanna Balaprakash

One endeavour of modern physical chemistry is to use bottom-up approaches to design materials and drugs with desired properties. Here we introduce an atomistic structure learning algorithm (ASLA) that utilizes a convolutional neural network…

De novo molecular generation from tandem mass spectra is a challenging inverse problem whose core difficulty lies in the circular dependency between atom-level and bond-level reasoning: determining a bond's type requires knowing its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xujun Che , Xiuxia Du , Depeng Xu

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an important molecular imaging tool widely used in medicine. Traditional PET systems rely on complete detector rings for full angular coverage and reliable data collection. However, incomplete-ring PET…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yeqi Fang , Rong Zhou

Understanding the relationship between atomic structure (order) and chemical composition (chemistry) is critical for advancing materials science, yet traditional spectroscopic techniques can be slow and damaging to sensitive samples.…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-29 Mridul Kumar , Yevgeny Rakita

Accurate prediction of molecular properties in complex chemical systems is crucial for accelerating material discovery and chemical innovation. However, current computational methods often struggle to capture the intricate compositional…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Jinming Fan , Chao Qian , Shaodong Zhou

We introduce a reversible deep learning model for 13C NMR that uses a single conditional invertible neural network for both directions between molecular structures and spectra. The network is built from i-RevNet style bijective blocks, so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Stefan Kuhn , Vandana Dwarka , Przemyslaw Karol Grenda , Eero Vainikko

The aim of image restoration is to recover high-quality images from distorted ones. However, current methods usually focus on a single task (\emph{e.g.}, denoising, deblurring or super-resolution) which cannot address the needs of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Cheng Zhang , Yu Zhu , Qingsen Yan , Jinqiu Sun , Yanning Zhang

Image-text matching is an interesting and fascinating task in modern AI research. Despite the evolution of deep-learning-based image and text processing systems, multi-modal matching remains a challenging problem. In this work, we consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Nicola Messina , Fabrizio Falchi , Andrea Esuli , Giuseppe Amato

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive label-free optical method that can provide fingerprint Raman spectra of biomolecules such as DNA, amino acids and proteins. While SERS of single DNA molecule has been recently…

We present an efficient approach for generating highly accurate molecular potential energy surfaces (PESs) using self-correcting, kernel ridge regression (KRR) based machine learning (ML). We introduce structure-based sampling to…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Pavlo O. Dral , Alec Owens , Sergei N. Yurchenko , Walter Thiel

Separating and labeling each instance of a nucleus (instance-aware segmentation) is the key challenge in segmenting single cell nuclei on fluorescence microscopy images. Deep Neural Networks can learn the implicit transformation of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Florian Kromp , Lukas Fischer , Eva Bozsaky , Inge Ambros , Wolfgang Doerr , Sabine Taschner-Mandl , Peter Ambros , Allan Hanbury

Coarse-graining is a powerful tool for extending the reach of dynamic models of proteins and other biological macromolecules. Topological coarse-graining, in which biomolecules or sets thereof are represented via graph structures, is a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-15 Vy Duong , Elizabeth Diessner , Gianmarc Grazioli , Rachel W. Martin , Carter T. Butts

Self-assembly of dilute sequence-defined macromolecules is a complex phenomenon in which the local arrangement of chemical moieties can lead to the formation of long-range structure. The dependence of this structure on the sequence…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-08 Debjyoti Bhattacharya , Devon C. Kleeblatt , Antonia Statt , Wesley F. Reinhart

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron and scanning tunneling microscopies allow researchers to measure materials structural and electronic properties, such as atomic displacements and charge density modulations, at an Angstrom…

Accurate segmentation of critical anatomical structures is at the core of medical image analysis. The main bottleneck lies in gathering the requisite expert-labeled image annotations in a scalable manner. Methods that permit to produce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Yuhang Lu , Weijian Li , Kang Zheng , Yirui Wang , Adam P. Harrison , Chihung Lin , Song Wang , Jing Xiao , Le Lu , Chang-Fu Kuo , Shun Miao

A quantitative single-molecule tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) study at room temperature remained a challenge due to the rapid structural dynamics of molecules exposed to air. Here, we demonstrate the single-molecule level…