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Traditional static cybersecurity models often struggle with scalability, real-time detection, and contextual responsiveness in the current digital product ecosystems which include cloud services, application programming interfaces (APIs),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Oluwakemi T. Olayinka , Sumeet Jeswani , Divine Iloh

Learning from Demonstration (LfD) constitutes one of the most robust methodologies for constructing efficient cognitive robotic systems. Despite the large body of research works already reported, current key technological challenges include…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Georgios Th. Papadopoulos , Margherita Antona , Constantine Stephanidis

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLM) and subsequent Agentic AI technologies requires systematic architectural guidance for building sophisticated, production-grade systems. This paper presents an approach for architecting such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zoran Milosevic , Fethi Rabhi

Language Model (LM)-based agents remain largely untested in mixed-motive settings where agents must leverage short-term cooperation for long-term competitive goals (e.g., multi-party politics). We introduce Cooperate to Compete (C2C), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Abigail O'Neill , Alan Zhu , Mihran Miroyan , Narges Norouzi , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Feedback is a critical component of the learning process, particularly in computer science education. This study investigates the quality of feedback generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), Small Language Models (SLMs), compared with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Suqing Liu , Bogdan Simion , Christopher Eaton , Michael Liut

The goal of this paper is to share our experience in designing and organizing educational competitions with anonymous and (near) real-time leaderboards in both academic and industrial settings. While such competitions serve as a great…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Serdar Kadıoğlu , Bernard Kleynhans

As LLM-based systems increasingly operate as agents embedded within human social and technical systems, alignment can no longer be treated as a property of an isolated model, but must be understood in relation to the environments in which…

The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

As AI agents built on large language models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in society, issues of coordination, control, delegation, and accountability are entangled with concerns over their reliability. To design and implement LLM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-09 R. Patrick Xian , Garry A. Gabison , Ahmed Alaa , Christoph Riedl , Grigorios G. Chrysos

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents have evolved from passive predictive tools into active entities capable of autonomous decision-making and environmental interaction, driven by the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xiaolei Zhang , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Tianyu Du , Heqing Huang , Hao Peng , Zhe Liu

Instructors play a pivotal role in integrating AI into education, yet their adoption of AI-powered tools remains inconsistent. Despite this, limited research explores how to design AI tools that support broader instructor adoption. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Si Chen , Reid Metoyer , Khiem Le , Adam Acunin , Izzy Molnar , Alex Ambrose , James Lang , Nitesh Chawla , Ronald Metoyer

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for tutoring, feedback generation, and content creation, but their broad pretraining makes them hard to constrain and poor substitutes for controllable learners. Educational systems often require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hyeongdon Moon , Carolyn Rosé , John Stamper

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing education, with LLM-based agents playing a key role in simulating student behavior. A major challenge in student simulation is modeling the diverse learning patterns of students at various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Mengze Li , Yumeng Zhu , Ang Li , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Current large language models (LLMs) excel in verifiable domains where outputs can be checked before action but prove less reliable for high-stakes strategic decisions with uncertain outcomes. This gap, driven by mutually reinforcing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Alejandro R. Jadad

We study what actually works and what doesn't for training large language models as agents via multi-turn reinforcement learning. Despite rapid progress, existing frameworks and definitions are fragmented, and there is no systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ruiyi Wang , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

According to a recent survey with more than 4000 software developers, less than half of developers can spot security holes. As a result, software products present a low-security quality expressed by vulnerabilities that can be exploited by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Tiago Espinha Gasiba , Ulrike Lechner , Maria Pinto-Albuquerque , Alae Zouitni

Human cognitive development is shaped not only by individual effort but by structured social interaction, where role-based exchanges such as those between a tutor and a learner, enable solutions that neither could achieve alone. Inspired by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Nurullah Eymen Özdemir , Erhan Oztop

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla
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