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Training-free open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS) aims to segment images given a set of arbitrary textual categories without costly model fine-tuning. Existing solutions often explore attention mechanisms of pre-trained models, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Xiwei Xuan , Ziquan Deng , Kwan-Liu Ma

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) extends traditional closed-set segmentation by enabling pixel-wise annotation for both seen and unseen categories using arbitrary textual descriptions. While existing methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junyang Chen , Xiangbo Lv , Zhiqiang Kou , Xingdong Sheng , Ning Xu , Yiguo Qiao

Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) methods are capable of performing semantic segmentation without relying on a fixed vocabulary, and in some cases, without training or fine-tuning. However, OVS methods typically require a human in the loop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Osman Ülger , Maksymilian Kulicki , Yuki Asano , Martin R. Oswald

Instruction tuning has shown promising potential for developing general-purpose AI capabilities by using large-scale pre-trained models and boosts growing research to integrate multimodal information for creative applications. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yihang Zhai , Haixin Wang , Jianlong Chang , Xinlong Yang , Jinan Sun , Shikun Zhang , Qi Tian

Text-to-image diffusion models have achieved remarkable generative capabilities, yet accurately aligning complex textual prompts with synthesized layouts remains an ongoing challenge. In these models, the initial Gaussian noise acts as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haosen Li , Wenshuo Chen , Lei Wang , Shaofeng Liang , Haozhe Jia , Yutao Yue

The non-deterministic algorithmic procedure PEARL (an acronym for `Propositional variables Elimination Algorithm for Relevance Logic') has been recently developed for computing first-order equivalents of formulas of the language of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Willem Conradie , Valntin Goranko , Peter Jipsen

Robot motion planning often requires finding trajectories that balance different user intents, or preferences. One of these preferences is usually arrival at the goal, while another might be obstacle avoidance. Here, we formalize these, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Aleksandra Faust , Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang , Lydia Tapia

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation enables models to segment objects or image regions beyond fixed class sets, offering flexibility in dynamic environments. However, existing methods often rely on single-view images and struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Thomas Campagnolo , Ezio Malis , Philippe Martinet , Gaétan Bahl

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation attempts to classify and outline objects in an image using arbitrary text labels, including those unseen during training. Self-supervised learning resolves numerous visual and linguistic processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Muhammad Atta ur Rahman , Dooseop Choi , Seung-Ik Lee , KyoungWook Min

Large Language Models show great potential with external tools, but face significant challenges in complex, multi-turn tool invocation. They often exhibit weak planning, tool hallucination, erroneous parameter generation, and struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yue Hu , Yanbing Liu

In this paper, we consider the problem of open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS), which aims to segment objects of arbitrary classes instead of pre-defined, closed-set categories. The main contributions are as follows: First, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jilan Xu , Junlin Hou , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Yi Wang , Yu Qiao , Weidi Xie

Tool-augmented multimodal reasoning enables visual language models (VLMs) to improve perception by interacting with external tools (e.g., cropping, depth estimation). However, such approaches incur substantial inference overhead, require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ashutosh Adhikari , Mirella Lapata

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to continuously introduce novel categories into a classification system without forgetting previously learned ones, thus adapting to evolving data distributions. Researchers are currently focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yongchun Qin , Pengfei Fang , Hui Xue

Text-to-image diffusion models generate highly detailed textures, yet they often rely on surface appearance and fail to follow strict geometric constraints, particularly when those constraints conflict with the style implied by the text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Antara Titikhsha , Om Kulkarni , Dharun Muthaiah

We propose a simple and robust non-parameterized approach for building sentence representations. Inspired by the Gram-Schmidt Process in geometric theory, we build an orthogonal basis of the subspace spanned by a word and its surrounding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Weizhu Chen

Image segmentation beyond predefined categories is a key challenge in remote sensing, where novel and unseen classes often emerge during inference. Open-vocabulary image Segmentation addresses these generalization issues in traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Saikat Dutta , Akhil Vasim , Siddhant Gole , Hamid Rezatofighi , Biplab Banerjee

CLIP, as a vision-language model, has significantly advanced Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS) with its zero-shot capabilities. Despite its success, its application to OVSS faces challenges due to its initial image-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Tong Shao , Zhuotao Tian , Hang Zhao , Jingyong Su

Contrastively trained vision-language models such as CLIP provide strong zero-shot transfer by aligning images and text in a shared embedding space. However, adapting these models to downstream tasks without degrading their open-vocabulary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Simone Carnemolla , Salvatore Calcagno , Daniela Giordano , Concetto Spampinato , Matteo Pennisi

Despite the significant progress in deep learning for dense visual recognition problems, such as semantic segmentation, traditional methods are constrained by fixed class sets. Meanwhile, vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Sina Hajimiri , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Open-vocabulary segmentation (OVS) extends the zero-shot recognition capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs) to pixel-level prediction, enabling segmentation of arbitrary categories specified by text prompts. Despite recent progress,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tilemachos Aravanis , Vladan Stojnić , Bill Psomas , Nikos Komodakis , Giorgos Tolias