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Ensuring and improving the safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS) is crucial for the deployment of highly automated vehicles, especially in safety-critical events. To address the rarity issue, adversarial scenario generation methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuewen Mei , Tong Nie , Jian Sun , Ye Tian

In high-level Autonomous Driving (AD) systems, behavioral planning is in charge of making high-level driving decisions such as cruising and stopping, and thus highly securitycritical. In this work, we perform the first systematic study of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Ziwen Wan , Junjie Shen , Jalen Chuang , Xin Xia , Joshua Garcia , Jiaqi Ma , Qi Alfred Chen

This work introduces a framework to diagnose the strengths and shortcomings of Autonomous Vehicle (AV) collision avoidance technology with synthetic yet realistic potential collision scenarios adapted from real-world, collision-free data.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Robert Dyro , Matthew Foutter , Ruolin Li , Luigi Di Lillo , Edward Schmerling , Xilin Zhou , Marco Pavone

Automated driving system deployment requires rigorous validation across safety-critical vehicle-pedestrian interactions, yet real-world datasets rarely capture high-risk scenarios while simulation platforms lack realistic behavior. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingwen Pu , Kun Xie , Yuan Zhu , Guocong Zhai

Simulation-based testing has emerged as an essential tool for verifying and validating autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, contemporary methodologies, such as deterministic and imitation learning-based driver models, struggle to capture the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cheng Wang , Lingxin Kong , Massimiliano Tamborski , Stefano V. Albrecht

Scenario-based testing is a promising approach to solve the challenge of proving the safe behavior of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems. Since an infinite number of concrete scenarios can theoretically occur in real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Nico Weber , Christoph Thiem , Ulrich Konigorski

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is of utmost importance and testing them in simulated environments is a safer option than conducting in-field operational tests. However, generating an exhaustive test suite to identify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems must often operate under uncertainties like sensor degradation and shifts in the operating conditions, which increases its operational risk. Dynamic Assurance of these systems requires designing runtime…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Baiting Luo , Yogesh Barve , Gabor Karsai , Abhishek Dubey

Adversarial detection is designed to identify and reject maliciously crafted adversarial examples(AEs) which are generated to disrupt the classification of target models. Presently, various input transformation-based methods have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Xiaowei Long , Jie Lin , Xiangyuan Yang

Generating adversarial safety-critical scenarios is a pivotal method for testing autonomous driving systems, as it identifies potential weaknesses and enhances system robustness and reliability. However, existing approaches predominantly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yukuan Yang , Xucheng Lu , Zhili Zhang , Zepeng Wu , Guoqi Li , Lingzhong Meng , Yunzhi Xue

We present a practical verification method for safety analysis of the autonomous driving system (ADS). The main idea is to build a surrogate model that quantitatively depicts the behaviour of an ADS in the specified traffic scenario. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Renjue Li , Tianhang Qin , Pengfei Yang , Cheng-Chao Huang , Youcheng Sun , Lijun Zhang

Scenario-based testing for automated driving systems (ADS) must be able to simulate traffic scenarios that rely on interactions with other vehicles. Although many languages for high-level scenario modelling have been proposed, they lack the…

Autonomous driving has gained significant advancements in recent years. However, obtaining a robust control policy for driving remains challenging as it requires training data from a variety of scenarios, including rare situations (e.g.,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Weizi Li , David Wolinski , Ming C. Lin

Context: Simulation-based testing is a cost-efficient alternative to field testing for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), but generating safety-critical test cases is challenging due to the vast search space. Prior work has studied static (road…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Victor Crespo-Rodriguez , Christian Birchler , Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti , Sebastiano Panichella

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for training and evaluating autonomous driving (AD) systems, yet remain extremely rare in real-world driving datasets. To address this, we propose Real-world Crash Grounding (RCG), a scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Benjamin Stoler , Juliet Yang , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires identifying rare but critical failure cases that on-road testing alone cannot discover. High-fidelity simulations provide a scalable alternative, but automatically generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Amar Kulkarni , Shangtong Zhang , Madhur Behl

The rapidly evolving field of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) is full of promise. However, in order to fulfil these promises, ADSs need to be safe in all circumstances. This paper introduces ISS-Scenario, an autonomous driving testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Renjue Li , Tianhang Qin , Cas Widdershoven

The deep neural networks (DNNs)based autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are expected to reduce road accidents and improve safety in the transportation domain as it removes the factor of human error from driving tasks. The DNN based ADS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Manzoor Hussain , Nazakat Ali , Jang-Eui Hong

Developing reliable autonomous driving algorithms poses challenges in testing, particularly when it comes to safety-critical traffic scenarios involving pedestrians. An open question is how to simulate rare events, not necessarily found in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Yuhang Yang , Kalle Kujanpaa , Amin Babadi , Joni Pajarinen , Alexander Ilin

Trajectory prediction is essential for autonomous vehicles (AVs) to plan correct and safe driving behaviors. While many prior works aim to achieve higher prediction accuracy, few study the adversarial robustness of their methods. To bridge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Yulong Cao , Chaowei Xiao , Anima Anandkumar , Danfei Xu , Marco Pavone