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Natural language instruction following is paramount to enable collaboration between artificial agents and human beings. Natural language-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) agents have shown how natural languages' properties, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kevin Denamganaï , Daniel Hernandez , Ozan Vardal , Sondess Missaoui , James Alfred Walker

Multi-goal reinforcement learning is widely applied in planning and robot manipulation. Two main challenges in multi-goal reinforcement learning are sparse rewards and sample inefficiency. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) aims to tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Rui Yang , Jiafei Lyu , Yu Yang , Jiangpeng Yan , Feng Luo , Dijun Luo , Lanqing Li , Xiu Li

Large transformer models powered by diverse data and model scale have dominated natural language modeling and computer vision and pushed the frontier of multiple AI areas. In reinforcement learning (RL), despite many efforts into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Hao Liu , Pieter Abbeel

Nowadays transformer-based Large Language Models (LLM) for code generation tasks usually apply sampling and filtering pipelines. Due to the sparse reward problem in code generation tasks caused by one-token incorrectness, transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yuyang Chen , Kaiyan Zhao , Yiming Wang , Ming Yang , Jian Zhang , Xiaoguang Niu

Sparse rewards pose a significant challenge to achieving high sample efficiency in goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, in sequential manipulation tasks, the agent receives failure rewards until it successfully…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yuming Huang , Bin Ren , Ziming Xu , Lianghong Wu

Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is a technique used in reinforcement learning (RL) that has proven to be very efficient for training off-policy RL-based agents to solve goal-based robotic manipulation tasks using sparse rewards. Even…

Language creates a compact representation of the world and allows the description of unlimited situations and objectives through compositionality. While these characterizations may foster instructing, conditioning or structuring interactive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Geoffrey Cideron , Mathieu Seurin , Florian Strub , Olivier Pietquin

Language model (LM) agents deployed in novel environments often exhibit poor sample efficiency when learning from sequential interactions. This significantly hinders the usefulness of such agents in environments where interaction is costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Michael Y. Hu , Benjamin Van Durme , Jacob Andreas , Harsh Jhamtani

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms typically require millions of environment interactions to learn successful policies in sparse reward settings. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) was introduced as a technique to increase sample…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Himanshu Sahni , Toby Buckley , Pieter Abbeel , Ilya Kuzovkin

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions. Unlike mathematical reasoning where errors are often rectifiable via backtracking, tool-use failures frequently induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shengda Fan , Xuyan Ye , Yupeng Huo , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yiju Guo , Shenzhi Yang , Wenkai Yang , Shuqi Ye , Jingwen Chen , Haotian Chen , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin

Exploration with sparse rewards remains a challenging research problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Especially for sequential object manipulation tasks, the RL agent always receives negative rewards until completing all sub-tasks, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Yongle Luo , Yuxin Wang , Kun Dong , Qiang Zhang , Erkang Cheng , Zhiyong Sun , Bo Song

Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is a multi-goal reinforcement learning algorithm for sparse reward functions. The algorithm treats every failure as a success for an alternative (virtual) goal that has been achieved in the episode. Virtual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Binyamin Manela , Armin Biess

Goal changes are a defining feature of real world multi-turn interactions, yet current agent benchmarks primarily evaluate static objectives or one-shot tool use. We introduce AgentChangeBench, a benchmark explicitly designed to measure how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Manik Rana , Calissa Man , Anotida Expected Msiiwa , Jeffrey Paine , Kevin Zhu , Sunishchal Dev , Vasu Sharma , Ahan M R

Large language model (LLM) agents have been applied to sequential decision-making tasks such as web navigation, but without any environment-specific experiences, they often fail in these complex tasks. Moreover, current LLM agents are not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yitao Liu , Chenglei Si , Karthik Narasimhan , Shunyu Yao

Here is the updated abstract: Evaluation of software engineering (SWE) agents is dominated by a binary signal: whether the final patch passes the tests. This outcome-only view treats a principled solution and a chaotic trial-and-error…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Priyam Sahoo , Gaurav Mittal , Xiaomin Li , Shengjie Ma , Benjamin Steenhoek , Pingping Lin , Yu Hu

Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) is one of the efficient algorithm to solve Reinforcement Learning tasks related to sparse rewarded environments.But due to its reduced sample efficiency and slower convergence HER fails to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Dhuruva Priyan G M , Abhik Singla , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Existing benchmarks for tool-using LLM agents primarily report single-run success rates and miss reliability properties required in production. We introduce \textbf{ReliabilityBench}, a benchmark for evaluating agent reliability across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aayush Gupta

Agent memory has been touted as a dimension of growth for LLM-based applications, enabling agents that can accumulate experience, adapt across sessions, and move beyond single-shot question answering. The current generation of agent memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chris Latimer , Nicoló Boschi , Andrew Neeser , Chris Bartholomew , Gaurav Srivastava , Xuan Wang , Naren Ramakrishnan

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents can automate complex tasks across digital environments, but their development is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality trajectory data for training. Existing approaches rely on expensive human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yiheng Xu , Dunjie Lu , Zhennan Shen , Junli Wang , Zekun Wang , Yuchen Mao , Caiming Xiong , Tao Yu

Multi-agent systems achieve state-of-the-art outcomes through peer collaboration. However, when an agent in the pipeline silently drops a constraint, the system's final output may look correct even though the reasoning chain was quietly…

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